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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The results of photographic and video surveys conducted on the Mir space station are reported. The observations were performed in order to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the effects of the external deposition and contamination, surface degradation, dynamic events, and micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts. The lessons learned from Mir imagery observations can be applied to the International Space Station program. The photographic and video data confirm the general good condition of the external surfaces of Mir.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: ; 309-320
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: The ISS External Survey integrates the requirements for photographic and video imagery of the International Space Station (ISS) for the engineering, operations, and science communities. An extensive photographic survey was performed on all Space Shuttle flights to the ISS and continues to be performed daily, though on a level much reduced by the limited available imagery. The acquired video and photo imagery is used for both qualitative and quantitative assessments of external deposition and contamination, surface degradation, dynamic events, and MMOD strikes. Many of these assessments provide important information about ISS surfaces and structural integrity as the ISS ages. The imagery is also used to assess and verify the physical configuration of ISS structure, appendages, and components.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: ARES Biennial Report 2012 Final; 122-124; JSC-CN-30442
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The Terrestrial Planet Finder formation flying Interferometer (TPF-I) will be a five-spacecraft, precision formation operating near the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point. As part of technology development for TPF-I, a formation and attitude control system (FACS) is being developed that achieves the precision and functionality needed for the TPF-I formation and that will be demonstrated in a distributed, real-time simulation environment. In this paper we present an overview of FACS and discuss in detail its formation estimation, guidance and control architectures and algorithms. Since FACS is currently being integrated into a high-fidelity simulation environment, component simulations demonstrating algorithm performance are presented.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; NASA/CP-2005-212781
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Synchronized formation rotations are a common maneuver for planned precision formations. In such a rotation, attitudes remain synchronized with relative positions, as if the spacecraft were embedded in a virtual rigid body. Further, since synchronized rotations are needed for science data collection, this maneuver requires the highest precision control of formation positions and attitudes. A recently completed, major technology milestone for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer is the high-fidelity, ground demonstration of precision synchronized formation rotations. These demonstrations were performed in the Formation Control Testbed (FCT), which is a flight-like, multi-robot formation testbed. The FCT is briefly introduced, and then the synchronized rotation demonstration results are presented. An initial error budget consisting of formation simulations is used to show the connection between ground performance and TPF-I flight performance.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference; Aug 08, 2018; Honolulu, HI; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper provides a comprehensive survey of spacecraft formation flying control, which encompasses design techniques and stability results for these coupled-state control laws.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: American Control Conference; Jun 01, 2004; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Distributed spacecraft flying in formation can overcome the resolution limitations of monolithic, Earth-sensing systems. However, formation spacecraft must now expend fuel to counteract disturbances and the gravity gradients between spacecraft. We consider three different formation architectures and determine the (Delta)(nu) required to maintain relative positions at accuracies from 0.1 to 10 m (1(sigma)). The three architectures considered are: (i) Leader/Follower, in which individual spacecraft controllers track with respect to a passive, leader spacecraft, (ii) Center of Formation, in which individual spacecraft controllers track with respect to the geometric center of the formation, and (iii) Iterated Virtual Structure, in which a formation template is fit each timestep and individual spacecraft controllers track with respect to the fitted template.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: SPIE Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space Conference; Nov 08, 2004; Honolulu, HI; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper the translational equations of motion of a formation of n spacecraft in Earth orbit, n(sub f) of which are drag-free spacecraft, are derived in a coordinate-free manner using the balance of linear momentum and direct tensor notation. A drag-free spacecraft consists of a spacecraft bus and a proof mass shielded from external disturbances in an internal cavity. By controlling the spacecraft so that the proof mass remains centered in the cavity, the spacecraft follows a purely gravitational orbit. The results described in this paper provide a first step toward coupling drag-free control technology with formation flying in order to mitigate the effect of differential aerodynamic drag on formation flying missions (e.g., Earth imaging applications) in low Earth orbit.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: SPIE 4th International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium; Nov 08, 2004; Honolulu, HI; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A number of international space agencies and organizations, to include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), to name a few, have embraced the concept of spacecraft formation flying to revolutionize the capabilities of astronomy and Earth remote sensing from space. The concept has been around well over a decade and a wide array of technologies and capabilities have been developed to enable multiple spacecraft to collaborate in a highly-coupled manner as would be required for a formation flying mission. Furthermore, many relevant capabilities for formation flying have been demonstrated in the area of rendezvous and docking, loosely-controlled formations, and in missions with collaborating spacecraft with very precise metrology. .However, in considering the case of precision formation flying (PFF), i.e, when the relative geometry of multiple vehicles must be controlled on-board in a continuous and precise manner, there have been several missions proposed, but the realization in space has not yet occurred due to a range of issues. This paper will briefly examine those issues and present a concept for demonstrating a core capability for performing PFF, necessary for virtually any PFF mission concept, that will help to overcome the problems encountered in prior attempts and help to allay the risks to enable future PFF science missions.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: AIAA GN and C Conference; Aug 20, 2007 - Aug 23, 2007; Hilton Head, SC; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Terrestrial Planet Finder formation flying Interferometer (TPF-I) will be a five-spacecraft, precision formation operating near a Sun-Earth Lagrange point. As part of technology development for TPF-I, a formation and attitude control system (FACS) is being developed that achieves the precision and functionality associated with the TPF-I formation. This FACS will be demonstrated in a distributed, real-time simulation environment. In this paper we present an overview of the FACS and discuss in detail its constituent formation estimation, guidance and control architectures and algorithms. Since the FACS is currently being integrated into a high-fidelity simulation environment, component simulations demonstrating algorithm performance are presented.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; Sep 14, 2004; Washington, DC; United States
    Format: text
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