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  • 1
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    Shielding from Solar Particle Event Exposures in Deep Space (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-15
    Description: The physical composition and intensities of solar particle event exposures or sensitive astronaut tissues are examined under conditions approximating an astronaut in deep space. Response functions for conversion of particle fluence into dose and dose equivalent averaged over organ tissue, are used to establish significant fluence levels and the expected dose and dose rates of the most important events from past observations. The BRYNTRN transport code is used to evaluate the local environment experienced by sensitive tissues and used to evaluate bioresponse models developed for use in tactical nuclear warfare. The present results will help to the biophysical aspects of such exposure in the assessment of RBE and dose rate effects and their impact on design of protection systems for the astronauts. The use of polymers as shielding material in place of an equal mass of aluminum would prowide a large safety factor without increasing the vehicle mass. This safety factor is sufficient to provide adequate protection if a factor of two larger event than has ever been observed in fact occurs during the mission.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Radiation Measurements (ISSN 1350-4487); Volume 30; 361-382
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Galactic and Solar Cosmic Ray Shielding in Deep Space (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis of the radiation hazards in support of NASA deep space exploration activities is presented. The emphasis is on materials required for radiation protection shielding. Aluminum has been found to be a poor shield material when dose equivalent is used with exposure limits for low Earth orbit (LEO) as a guide for shield requirements. Because the radiation issues are cost related-the parasitic shield mass has high launch costs, the use of aluminum as a basic construction material is clearly not cost-effective and alternate materials need to be developed. In this context, polyethylene is examined as a potentially useful material and demonstrates important advantages as an alternative to aluminum construction. Although polyethylene is useful as a shield material, it may not meet other design criteria (strength, stability, thermal); other polymer materials must be examined.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: NASA-TP-3682 , NAS 1.60:3682 , L-17634
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    An Improved Solar Cycle Statistical Model for the Projection of Near Future Sunspot Cycles (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: Since the current solar cycle 23 has progressed near the end of the cycle and accurate solar minimum and maximum occurrences have been defined, a statistical model based on the odd-even behavior of historical sunspot cycles was reexamined. Separate calculations of activity levels were made for the rising and declining phases in solar cycle 23, which resulted in improved projection of sunspots in the remainder of cycle 23. Because a fundamental understanding of the transition from cycle to cycle has not been developed, at this time it is assumed for projection purposes that solar cycle 24 will continue at the same activity level in the declining phase of cycle 23. Projection errors in solar cycle 24 can be corrected as the cycle progresses and observations become available because this model is shown to be self-correcting.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: NASA/TP-2004-212070 , S-926
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Solar Cycle Variation and Application to the Space Radiation Environment (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: The interplanetary plasma and fields are affected by the degree of disturbance that is related to the number and types of sunspots in the solar surface. Sunspot observations were improved with the introduction of the telescope in the seventeenth century, allowing observations which cover many centuries. A single quantity (sunspot number) was defined by Wolf in 1848 that is now known to be well correlated with many space observable quantities and is used herein to represent variations caused in the space radiation environment. The resultant environmental models are intended for future aircraft and space-travel-related exposure estimates.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: NASA/TP-1999-209369 , L-17780 , NAS 1.60:209369
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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