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  • Sitobion fragariae  (3)
  • Schizaphis graminum  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
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  • Springer  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and feeding deterrency of hydroxamic acids from Gramineae in synthetic diets against the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (1983)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Maize extract ; Hydroxamic acid ; Feeding deterrent ; Greenbug ; Schizaphis graminum ; Schizaphis graminum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La 2,4-dihydroxy-6-metoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), acide hydroxamique le plus abondant dans des extraits de maïs, accroît la mortalité du puceron Schizaphis graminum nourri artificiellement. Des essais d'alimentation contrôlés par des moyens électriques démontrent que DIMBOA agit comme un répulsif, même à la concentration de 1 mM; dans des régimes à 12 mM, l'alimentation des pucerons est supprimée. Des expériences complémentaires indiquent diquent une augmentation de la mortalité des individus nourris avec DIMBOA par rapport aux témoins. Par conséquent, les effets nuisibles de DIMBOA sur les pucerons sont dus à sa répulsion. Le 2-\-0-gluco-side de DIMBOA (DIMBOA-Glc) a un effet important de répulsion sur les pucerons nourris artificiellement, mais affecte peu leur survie. L'importance des effets des DIMBOA et DIMBOA-Glc sur les pucerons par rapport à la resistance des céréales contre ces insectes est discutée.
    Notes: Abstract 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), the main hydroxamic acid isolated from maize extracts, increased the mortality of Schizaphis graminum when fed in artificial diets. Electrically-monitored feeding assays showed that DIMBOA acted as a feeding deterrent at concentrations as low as 1 mM. On 12 mM DIMBOA diets, feeding by aphids was completely inhibited. Additional feeding experiments showed that when DIMBOA was ingested there was an increase in aphid mortality relative to that of aphids which did not ingest the compound. Thus, the deleterious effects of DIMBOA on aphids are due to feeding deterrency and toxicity. The 2-\-0 glucoside of DIMBOA (DIMBOA-Glc), the form in which DIMBOA naturally occurs in Gramineae, had a slight effect on lowering aphid survival and an appreciable feeding-deterrent effect on diet-fed aphids. The relevance of the effects of DIMBOA and DIMBOA-Gic on aphids to resistance of certain graminaceous crops against aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338659
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Previous Exposure to Hydroxamic Acids in Probing Behavior of Aphid Sitobion fragariae on Wheat Seedlings (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aphid ; experience ; probing behavior ; sieve elements ; salivation ; cell punctures ; hydroxamic acids ; EPG ; Sitobion fragariae ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We hypothesized that aphids after previous exposure to hydroxamic acids (Hx), a family of secondary plant compounds deleterious to aphids, are able to reduce their subsequent exposure to them. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating the time to produce salivation into a sieve element (SSE) by the aphid Sitobion fragariae on seedlings of two wheat cultivars of Triticum aestivum differing in their concentration of Hx. The total time to produce a first SSE was significantly longer in the high-Hx cultivar; however, the subsequent, second SSE (first SSE after interruption of probing) in this cultivar was significantly reduced, reaching the level observed in the low-Hx plants. Therefore, a strategy to reduce the exposure to secondary compounds was observed only in the second SSE in high-Hx plants. When the experimental plant was replaced by a new unattacked plant after the first SSE, aphids did not change the behavior described, thus excluding an aphid-induced plant susceptibility. The number of cell punctures and accumulated duration was not affected by previous exposure to Hx, either in low or high Hx cultivars. Total time and pathway time but not cell punctures, seem to be the variables affected by previous exposure to Hx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020836515674
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salivation into sieve elements in relation to plant chemistry: the case of the aphid Sitobion fragariae and the wheat, Triticum aestivum (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 111-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sieve element ; salivation ; aphid ; plant resistance ; wheat ; Sitobion fragariae ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Extended sieve element salivation (E1 waveform in the electrical penetration graph) is a characteristic activity during early sieve element punctures, particularly in resistant plants. In order to explore a chemically-mediated mechanism of resistance associated with sieve element salivation, we compared the pattern of feeding behaviour of the aphid, Sitobion fragariae (Walker), on two cultivars of the wheat Triticum aestivum L., with different concentrations of hydroxamic acids (Hx). During 24 h of electronic monitoring, aphids dedicated over 50% of the total time to phloem ingestion from the sieve elements. Total time allocated to E1 in the experiment, time to first E1 within the experiment, time allocated to E1 before a sustained phloem ingestion (E2) and the contribution of sieve element salivation to the phloem phase (E1/[E1+E2]) were significantly higher in the high-Hx cultivar. The increased salivation in plants with higher contents of Hx suggests the existence, at least in this system, of a chemically-mediated sieve element constraint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003628703035
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIBOA in wild Poaceae: Sources of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) and the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: aphids ; cereal breeding ; DIBOA ; Diuraphis noxia ; hydroxamic acids ; pest resistance ; Poaceae ; Schizaphis graminum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxamic acids are secondary metabolites typical of Poaceae that play a role in cereal resistance against pests and pathogens. The content of the hydroxamic acid aglucones DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) was evaluated in wild Poaceae belonging to the tribes Triticeae (genera Hordeum and Elymus) and Aveneae (genera Deschampsia and Phalaris). The concentration of DIBOA in seedling extracts of the wild barleys Hordeum chilense, H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum and H. bulbosum was negatively correlated with parameters related to performance of the cereal aphids Schizaphis graminum and Diuraphis noxia. The relevance of the results obtained for breeding programs aimed at increasing cereal resistance against aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018323121213
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