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  • Sitobion avenae  (4)
  • General Chemistry  (2)
  • Poaceae  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wheat resistance, the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi, and the entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis, on population dynamics of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi ; Pandora neoaphidis ; Entomophthorales ; tritrophic effects ; wheat resistance ; natural enemies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) resistance, the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphiDe Stephani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the entomopathogenic fungus Pandora neoaphidis(Remaudière et Hennebert) Humber (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on the density and population growth rate of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae(F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was studied under laboratory conditions. Partial wheat resistance was based on hydroxamic acids, a family of secondary metabolites characteristic of several cultivated cereals. The partial resistance of wheat cultivar Naofén, the action of the parasitoid and the joint action of the parasitoid and fungus, reduced aphid density. The lowest aphid densities were obtained with the combination of the parasitoid and the fungus, but wheat resistance under these circumstances did not improve aphid control. Significant reductions of population growth rate (PGR) of aphids were obtained with the joint action of wheat resistance and natural enemies. In particular, the combined effects of parasitoids and fungi showed significantly lower PGR than the control without natural enemies in both wheat cultivars. Our results support the hypothesis that wheat resistance and the utilization of biological control agents could be complementary strategies in an integrated pest management program against cereal aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004048600899
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers to differentiate two morphologically-close species of the genus Sitobion (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; Sitobion fragariae ; RAPD ; PCR ; microsatellites ; mtDNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A set of molecular markers to differentiate the aphid (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) species Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) from Sitobion fragariae (Walker), is presented. These markers correspond to (1) a region of the mitochondrial DNA, (2) five species-specific RAPD banding patterns and (3) four microsatellite loci. Each of the markers was able to clearly distinguish between the species. The utility of each molecular marker is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA is best applicable to species determination and relative abundance, RAPDs to the evaluation of genetic diversity, and microsatellites to the assessment of the population genetic structure; the combined use of mtDNA with the other techniques can be of importance when the presence of hybrids is suspected, and RAPDs with microsatellites are best used together in population genetics and host preference studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003855919065
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Two Wheat Cultivars Differing in Hydroxamic Acid Concentration on Detoxification Metabolism in the AphidSitobion avenae (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 2725-2736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; aphids ; hydroxamic acids ; DIMBOA ; detoxification ; cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases ; NADPH cytochrome c reductase ; glutathione S-transferases ; esterases ; catalase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxamic acids (Hx) are wheat secondary metabolites conferring resistance for cereals against aphids. The activity of five enzymatic systems were evaluated in the aphid Sitobion avenae reared on the high-Hx wheat cultivar Chagual and the low-Hx wheat cultivar Huayún for 10 generations. Enzyme solutions were prepared from aphid homogenates and assayed for mixed function oxidases (including cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase), glutathione S-transferases, esterases, and catalase. Specific activities per aphid individual of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, glutathione S-transferases, and esterases were significantly increased in wheat cultivars relative to oat (only marginal increase of esterases in Chagual). Aphids fed on cv. Huayún showed an overall higher induction of enzymatic systems than those fed on cv. Chagual. Comparison of these results with reported effects of Hx on detoxifying enzymes in other insects, including aphids, support the hypothesis that these enzymatic pathways play an important role in the detoxification of toxic host-plant secondary metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026481524896
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Dimboa Analogs as Antifeedants and Antibiotics Towards the Aphid Sitobion avenae in Artificial Diets (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1543-1554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aphids ; Sitobion avenae ; feeding deterrents ; antibiotics ; DIMBOA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 25 compounds including benzoxazinones, benzoxazolinones, and N-glyoxylamide derivatives were tested as antifeedants and antibiotics towards the aphid Sitobion avenae in diet bioassays. The antifeedant and mortality indexes increased with the presence of electron-donating groups in the 7 position of the benzoxazinone moiety, the replacement of the oxygen atom by sulfur in the heterocyclic ring, the presence of a hemiacetal instead of an acetal at C-2 of the benzoxazine moiety (and hence the possibility of ring opening), and the presence of a hydroxyl group at C-4 of the benzoxazine moiety (hydroxamic acid) instead of a hydrogen atom (lactam). The results support earlier hypotheses on the chemical bases for the mode of action of these compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020832731546
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defoliation Affects Chemical Defenses in All Plant Parts of Rye Seedlings (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 491-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defoliation ; regrowth ; induced responses ; chemical defense ; hydroxamic acids ; rye ; Secale cereale ; Poaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of defoliation and consecutive defoliation (condefoliation) of rye seedlings on the allocation patterns of biomass and hydroxamic acids (Hx) was evaluated five days after treatment. Growth of condefoliated seedlings was lower than that of defoliated and nondefoliated ones. Concentration of Hx decreased in shoots of condefoliated seedlings compared to nondefoliated ones, while concentration of Hx in root exudates increased. Allocation of Hx to roots and root exudates increased at the expense of allocation to the shoots in condefoliated seedlings. The ratio of Hx-aglucone to Hx-glucoside was higher in shoots of defoliated and condefoliated seedlings. The decrease in quantity of defense in shoots was accompanied by an increase in its quality, given that aglucones are more toxic than glucosides. The increase in concentration of Hx—an allelopathic compound also involved in mineral uptake by roots—in root exudates of condefoliated seedlings was suggested to lead to an advantage in the acquisition of resources for the regeneration of lost biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020945602297
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIBOA in wild Poaceae: Sources of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) and the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 317-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: aphids ; cereal breeding ; DIBOA ; Diuraphis noxia ; hydroxamic acids ; pest resistance ; Poaceae ; Schizaphis graminum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hydroxamic acids are secondary metabolites typical of Poaceae that play a role in cereal resistance against pests and pathogens. The content of the hydroxamic acid aglucones DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) was evaluated in wild Poaceae belonging to the tribes Triticeae (genera Hordeum and Elymus) and Aveneae (genera Deschampsia and Phalaris). The concentration of DIBOA in seedling extracts of the wild barleys Hordeum chilense, H. brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum and H. bulbosum was negatively correlated with parameters related to performance of the cereal aphids Schizaphis graminum and Diuraphis noxia. The relevance of the results obtained for breeding programs aimed at increasing cereal resistance against aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018323121213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrikationskontrolle in der Konservenindustrie I. Vitamin C-Analyse von Tomatenkonzentraten (1948)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 60 (1948), S. 100-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19480600406
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorschläge zur rationellen Durchführung der chemischen Bestimmung von Vitamin C (1944)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 57 (1944), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19440572109
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