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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule diversity in ciliated cells: evidence for its generation by post-translational modification in the axonemes of Paramecium and quail oviduct cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biology of the Cell 71 (1991), S. 227-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Keywords: Paramecium ; anti-tubulin antibodies ; axoneme ; cilia ; isotype ; microtubules ; post-translational modification ; quall ; tubulin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0248-4900(91)90069-Y
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamylated tubulin probed in ciliates with the monoclonal antibody GT335 (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 27 (1994), S. 337-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; glutamylation ; Paramecium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Microtubular networks are extensively developped in many ciliate species. In several of them, we investigate the occurrence of the post-translational glutamylation of tubulin [Eddé et al., 1990: Science 247:82-85; Eddé et al., 1991: J. Cell. Biochem. 46:134-142] using as a probe for such modified tubulin, the monoclonal antibody GT335 [Wolff et al., 1992: Eur. J. Cell Biol. 59:425-432]. Results obtained in Paramecium strongly suggest that both axonemal and cytoplasmic tubulin are glutamylated. As in the vertebrate brain tubulin so far tested, the GT335 epitope is located at the carboxy-terminal fragment of cytoplasmic tubulin removed by subtilisin treatment. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments reveal that, unlike tubulin acetylation, glutamylation is not restricted to cold-resistant microtubules. In addition, immunofluorescence studies performed on dividing cells show that glutamylation takes place soon after the polymerization of microtubules.Finally, glutamylated tubulin is also detected in the ciliate species Euplotes, Tetrahymena, and Paraurostyla. Together with results obtained on flagellate species, this suggests that tubulin glutamylation came out early in the course of eukaryotic evolution and has been widely exploited in various cellular strategies. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970270406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Where and when is microtubule diversity generated inParamecium? Immunological properties of microtubular networks in the interphase and dividing cells (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 189 (1995), S. 37-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Paramecium ; Microtubule diversity ; Cellular morphogenesis ; Immunofluorescence ; Tubulin post-translational modification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Ciliates are highly differentiated cells which display extensive deployment of microtubular systems. Because genetic diversity of tubulin is extremely reduced in these cells, microtubule diversity is mostly generated at the post-translational level either through direct modification of tubulin or through the binding of associated proteins to microtubules. We have undertaken a systematic exploration of microtubule diversity in ciliates by way of production of monoclonal antibodies. Previously we reported the biochemical characterization of these antibodies. In addition to antibodies directed against primary sequences, we obtained antibodies directed against post-translational modifications. In this paper, we report a detailed analysis of the distribution of the various epitopes on the microtubular networks ofParamecium, both in interphase cells and during division morphogenesis. Each of these antibodies decorates a subset of microtubules. Acetylation, recognized by antibodies TEU 318 and TEU 348, is detected on stable microtubules early after microtubule assembly. Epitopes recognized by two other antibodies (TAP 952 and AXO 58) are found on a subset of stable microtubules; in addition, the TAP 952 antibody is also found on labile microtubules; both epitopes are detected as soon as microtubule assembly occurs. In contrast, the epitope of the antibody, AXO 49, is associated with only a restricted subset of stable microtubules in the interphase cell, and is detected a lag-time after microtubule assembly during division morphogenesis. These data show that microtubule diversity is generated through a time-dependent sequence and according to a definite spatial pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280290
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  • 4
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    Sensitivity and optimization of composite structures using MSC/NASTRAN (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Design sensitivity analysis for composites will soon be available in MSC/NASTRAN. The design variables for composites can be lamina thicknesses, orientation angles, material properties or a combination of all three. With the increasing use of composites in aerospace and automotive industries, this general capability can be used in its own right for carrying out sensitivity analysis of complicated real-life structures. As part of a research effort, the sensitivity analysis was coupled with a general purpose optimizer. This preliminary version of the optimizer is capable of dealing with minimum weight structural design with a rather general design variable linking capability at the element level or system level. Only sizing type of design variables (i.e., lamina thicknesses) can be handled by the optimizer. Test cases were run and validated by comparison with independent finite element packages. The linking of design sensitivity capability for composites in MSC/NASTRAN with an optimizer would give designers a powerful automated tool to carry out practical opitmization design of real-life complicated composite structures.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Sensitivity Analysis in Engineering; p 147-166
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    ACCESS 3. Approximation concepts code for efficient structural synthesis: User's guide (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A user's guide is presented for ACCESS-3, a research oriented program which combines dual methods and a collection of approximation concepts to achieve excellent efficiency in structural synthesis. The finite element method is used for structural analysis and dual algorithms of mathematical programming are applied in the design optimization procedure. This program retains all of the ACCESS-2 capabilities and the data preparation formats are fully compatible. Four distinct optimizer options were added: interior point penalty function method (NEWSUMT); second order primal projection method (PRIMAL2); second order Newton-type dual method (DUAL2); and first order gradient projection-type dual method (DUAL1). A pure discrete and mixed continuous-discrete design variable capability, and zero order approximation of the stress constraints are also included.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-159260
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Discrete-continuous variable structural synthesis using dual methods (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Approximation concepts and dual methods are extended to solve structural synthesis problems involving a mix of discrete and continuous sizing type of design variables. Pure discrete and pure continuous variable problems can be handled as special cases. The basic mathematical programming statement of the structural synthesis problem is converted into a sequence of explicit approximate primal problems of separable form. These problems are solved by constructing continuous explicit dual functions, which are maximized subject to simple nonnegativity constraints on the dual variables. A newly devised gradient projection type of algorithm called DUAL 1, which includes special features for handling dual function gradient discontinuities that arise from the discrete primal variables, is used to find the solution of each dual problem. Computational implementation is accomplished by incorporating the DUAL 1 algorithm into the ACCESS 3 program as a new optimizer option. The power of the method set forth is demonstrated by presenting numerical results for several example problems, including a pure discrete variable treatment of a metallic swept wing and a mixed discrete-continuous variable solution for a thin delta wing with fiber composite skins.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 18; Dec. 198
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Dual methods and approximation concepts in structural synthesis (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Approximation concepts and dual method algorithms are combined to create a method for minimum weight design of structural systems. Approximation concepts convert the basic mathematical programming statement of the structural synthesis problem into a sequence of explicit primal problems of separable form. These problems are solved by constructing explicit dual functions, which are maximized subject to nonnegativity constraints on the dual variables. It is shown that the joining together of approximation concepts and dual methods can be viewed as a generalized optimality criteria approach. The dual method is successfully extended to deal with pure discrete and mixed continuous-discrete design variable problems. The power of the method presented is illustrated with numerical results for example problems, including a metallic swept wing and a thin delta wing with fiber composite skins.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: NASA-CR-3226
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    ACCESS computer program for the synthesis of large structural systems (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The structural-synthesis computer code ACCESS-3, originally limited to the optimization of relatively simple problems involving truss, membrane, and shear panel elements, has been restructured to make it applicable to structures with a larger number of degrees-of-freedom, design variables, and constraints. The modifications made allow the use of six degrees-of-freedom per node and permit the out-of-core solution of large matrix equations encountered at the analysis stage. Also, finite elements which permit pure bending as well as combined bending and membrane (axial) behavior have been added to satisfy the need for a more comprehensive set of elements. Like its predecessor, the new version of the program combines the approximation concepts with primal or dual formulations to provide an efficient optimization tool.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: International Symposium on Optimum Structural Design and ONR Naval Structural Mechanics Symposium; Oct 19, 1981 - Oct 22, 1981; Tucson, AZ
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    First and second order convex approximation strategies in structural optimization (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: In this paper, various methods based on convex approximation schemes are discussed that have demonstrated strong potential for efficient solution of structural optimization problems. First, the convex linearization method (Conlin) is briefly described, as well as one of its recent generalizations, the method of moving asymptotes (MMA). Both Conlin and MMA can be interpreted as first-order convex approximation methods that attempt to estimate the curvature of the problem functions on the basis of semiempirical rules. Attention is next directed toward methods that use diagonal second derivatives in order to provide a sound basis for building up high-quality explicit approximations of the behavior constraints. In particular, it is shown how second-order information can be effectively used without demanding a prohibitive computational cost. Various first-order and second-order approaches are compared by applying them to simple problems that have a closed form solution.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: Structural Optimization (ISSN 0934-4373); 1; 3-10
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    An improved analysis/synthesis capability based on dual methods - ACCESS 3 (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Approximation concepts and dual method algorithms are combined to create a new method for minimum weight design of structural systems. Approximation concepts convert the basic mathematical programming statement of the structural synthesis problem into a sequence of explicit primal problems of separable form. These problems are solved by constructing explicit dual functions, which are maximized subject to nonnegativity constraints. The dual method is successfully extended to deal with pure discrete and mixed continuous-discrete design variable problems. The power of the method presented is illustrated with numerical results for example problems, including a thin delta wing with fiber composite skins.
    Keywords: STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 79-0721 , Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference; Apr 04, 1979 - Apr 06, 1979; St. Louis, MO
    Format: text
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