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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The experiment with the small scientific subsatellite which was launched into lunar orbit from Apollo 15 is described. The subsatellite was designed to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, vector magnetic fields, and velocity of the subsatellite for determining lunar gravitational anomalies. The theory of particle-shadow formation by the moon solar wind electrons, and energetic-electron fluxes in interplanetary space are discussed along with an analysis of the initial data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 15 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 14 p
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A quiet time component of interplanetary electrons having energies above solar wind energies and below those characterized as cosmic radiation was observed. Its energy spectrum falls with energy from 18 keV to 1.8 MeV, but it shows a feature in the 100 to 300 keV range. The observed temporal variations of the intensity suggest that the 18 to 100 keV portion is solar and the 0.3 to 1.8 MeV portion is galactic in origin. Solar and terrestrial neutron decay electrons appear inadequate to explain the 100 to 300 keV feature.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-TM-X-65935 , X-661-72-221
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Description of a new technique for the detection of surface remanent magnetic fields from lunar orbiting spacecraft. Energetic (approximately 14-keV) electrons in the particle population surrounding the moon are observed by the Apollo 15 and 16 Subsatellite particle experiments to be scattered back up from the lunar surface by remanent magnetic fields. The regions of intense lunar remanent magnetization discovered by the Apollo 15 and 16 Subsatellite magnetometers are observed to strongly scatter the 14-keV electrons. In addition, several previously unreported regions of surface remanent magnetization on the lunar near-side are evident from the electron observation.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; July 197
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Topology of interplanetary field lines in magnetotail, using solar electrons as tracers with moon as absorber
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: This experiment is designed to take advantage of the ISEE Mother/Daughter dual spacecraft system to study energetic particle phenomena in the earth's outer magnetosphere and beyond. Large geometric factor fixed voltage electrostatic analyzers and passively cooled semiconductor detector telescopes provide high time resolution coverage of the energy range from 1.5 to 300 keV for both ions and electrons. Essentially identical instrumentation is placed on the two spacecraft to separate temporal from spatial effects in the observed particle phenomena.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics; GE-16; July 197
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper describes an ISEE experiment designed to study interplanetary and solar electrons in the energy range between solar wind and galactic cosmic rays. The instrumentation is designed to identify and measure electron fluxes with high energy resolution and high sensitivity from approximately 2 keV to 1 MeV. Angular distributions of these electrons will also be obtained; in addition, energetic ions above 50 keV will be measured. Measurements of particle acceleration in solar flares, solar radio emission, interplanetary particles and shock wave acceleration, and low energy electron propagation are discussed. The instrumentation is described with emphasis on the semiconductor telescopes, the electrostatic analyzer, and the electronics.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics; GE-16; July 197
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This article describes the on-board data analysis techniques used on two recent space plasma particle instruments to compute meaningful parameters of three-dimensional plasma distributions in real time. These parameters may be transmitted with much higher time resolution than the full distribution within the limited telemetry. In addition, they greatly reduce the ground processing requirements.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 60; 372-380
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The objectives and principles are described of a single spectroscopic imaging package that can provide effective imaging in the hard X- and gamma-ray ranges. Called the High-Energy Solar Physics (HESP) mission instrument for solar investigation, the device is based on rotating modulation collimators with germanium semiconductor spectrometers. The instrument is planned to incorporate thick modulation plates, and the range of coverage is discussed. The optics permit the coverage of high-contrast hard X-ray images from small- and medium-sized flares with large signal-to-noise ratios. The detectors allow angular resolution of less than 1 arcsec, time resolution of less than 1 arcsec, and spectral resolution of about 1 keV. The HESP package is considered an effective and important instrument for investigating the high-energy solar events of the near-term future efficiently.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: EUV, X-ray and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy; Jul 11, 1990 - Jul 13, 1990; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The feasibility of AES as a remote-sensing technique to map the composition of the sunlit surfaces of planetary bodies without atmospheres is studied. Solar X-rays eject photoelectrons from the planetary surface. The resulting ions relax by emission of fluorescence X-rays or Auger electrons, with energies characteristic of the element which is ionized. The spectrum of Auger electrons and photoelectrons is computed for a variety of elements and for representative lunar rock types illuminated by soft-X-ray line and continuum emission typical of solar long-lived coronal active regions. The Auger electron lines for O, Si, Mg, Al, Fe, and Ca in lunar rocks stand well above the continuum background from photoelectrons and backscattered interplanetary electrons, with typical line-to-continuum ratios from about 20 to over 1000.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 62; 660-666
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Heliosphere Instrument for Spectra, Composition, and Anisotropy at Low Energies (HI-SCALE) is designed to make measurements of interplanetary ions and electrons throughout the entire Ulysses mission. The ions (E(i) greater than about 50 keV) and electrons (E(e) greater than about 30 keV) are identified uniquely and detected by five separate solid-state detector telescopes that are oriented to give nearly complete pitch-angle coverage from the spinning spacecraft. Ion elemental abundances are determined by Delta E vs E telescope using a thin (5 microns) front solid state detector element in a three-element telescope. Experimental operation is controlled by a microprocessor-based data system. Inflight calibration is provided by radioactive sources mounted on telescope covers which can be closed for calibration purposes and for radiation protection during the course of the mission. Ion and electron spectral information is determined using both broad-energy-range rate channels and a 32 channel pulse-height analyzer for more detailed spectra. Some initial in-ecliptic measurements are presented which demonstrate the features of the instrument.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series (ISSN 0365-0138); 92; 2 Ja; 349-363
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