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  • SPACE SCIENCES  (222)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1970-1974  (222)
  • 1974  (222)
  • 1
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    Six-color photometry of Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione and Tethys (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The extensive photometric observations of Titan, Iapetus, Rhea, Dione and Tethys have made it possible to separate the solar phase and orbital phase contributions to the observed light variations of these satellites. For Titan, the wavelength dependence of its solar phase coefficient has been obtained. This dependence should prove useful in constructing future model atmospheres. The other four satellites show a surprising array of different photometric behaviors. Despite these differences, all four satellites have similar spectral reflectivities. Clearly Iapetus, Rhea, Dione and Tethys are complex objects, varying substantially from one another in surface structure and/or composition.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: NASA-CR-139631 , CRSR-579
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    The magnetosphere of Jupiter as observed with Pioneer 10. I - Instrument and principal findings (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Description of the first in situ observations of energetic electrons of energy greater than 0.06 MeV in the magnetosphere of Jupiter during November-December 1973. The outer magnetosphere has the form of a thin disklike quasi-trapping region extending from about 20 to over 100 Jovian radii. This magnetodisk is confined near the magnetic equatorial plane and has approximate axial symmetry about the magnetic axis of the planet. The observations inside a radial distance of 12 Jovian radii are well organized by a centered dipolar model of the planet's magnetic field with a tilt of 9.5 plus or minus 0.5 deg to the rotational axis and with pole at a system III longitude of 230 plus or minus 3 deg. Absolute omnidirectional intensities of electrons within the stable trapping region inside 20 Jovian radii are given for five energy ranges greater than 0.06, 0.55, 5.0, 21, and 31 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: AD-A000274 , Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 3
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    A search for 5 min periodic structure in solar 2 cm emission (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Two hundred and eighty-five hours of solar data obtained from a 2 cm radiometer during 1968-1969 were analyzed for evidence of periodic structure related to the 5 min periodic chromospheric oscillations detected in optical line emissions. A power spectral analysis of the data failed to show any statistically significant periodic activity in the frequency range 1-15 mHz for data organized according to solar activity in H-alpha, soft solar X-rays (2-12 A), and several microwave frequencies (3-15 GHz). A small shift in power from low to higher frequencies in the power spectrum of the 2 cm data was found to be correlated with H-alpha and X-ray activity. This power shift is attributed to a relative increase in chromospheric turbulence at altitudes common to H-alpha, X-ray, and 2 cm emission.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: AD-782881 , Solar Physics; 35; Mar. 197
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  • 4
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    Energetic electrons in the magnetosphere of Jupiter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations of energetic electrons (above 7 MeV) show that the outer magnetosphere of Jupiter consists of a thin disklike, quasi-trapping region extending from about 20 to 100 planetary radii. This magnetodisk is confined to the vicinity of the magnetic equatorial plane and appears to be an approximate figure of revolution about the magnetic axis of the planet. Hard trapping is observed within a radial distance of about 20 Jovian radii. The omnidirectional intensity of electrons with energy above 21 MeV between 3 and 20 Jovian radii is described by a provisional expression in terms of radial distance and magnetic latitude. There is tentative evidence for mild effects of the Galilean satellite Europa and possibly Io and Ganymede but not Callisto.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 5
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    Mission design for a ballistic slow-flyby of comet Encke 1980 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Preliminary mission analyses for a proposed 1980 slow flyby (7 to 9 km/sec) of comet Encke are presented. Among the topics covered are: science objectives, Encke's physical activity and ephemeris accuracy, trajectory and launch-window analysis, terminal guidance, and spacecraft concepts. The nominal mission plan calls for a near-perihelion intercept with two spacecraft using a single launch vehicle. Both spacecraft arrive at the same time, one passing within 500 km from Encke's nucleus on its sunward side, the other cutting through the tail region. By applying a small propulsive correction about three weeks after the encounter, it is possible to retarget both spacecraft for a second Encke intercept in 1984. The potential science return from the ballistic slow flyby is compared with other proposed mission modes for the 1980 Encke flyby mission including the widely advocated slow flyby using solar-electric propulsion. It is shown that the ballistic slow flyby is superior in every respect.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: AIAA PAPER 74-219 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 30, 1974 - Feb 01, 1974; Washington, DC
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  • 6
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    Preliminary Pioneer 10 encounter results from the Ames Research Center plasma analyzer experiment (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Preliminary results from the Ames Research Center plasma analyzer experiment for the Pioneer 10 Jupiter encounter indicate that Jupiter has a detached bow shock and magnetopause similar to the case at Earth but much larger in spatial extent. In contrast to Earth, Jupiter's outer magnetosphere appears to be highly inflated by thermal plasma and therefore highly responsive in size to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Jan. 25
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  • 7
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    Preliminary infrared radiometry of the night side of Mercury from Mariner 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The infrared radiometer on Mariner 10 measured the thermal emission from the planet with a spatial resolution element as small as 40 kilometers in a broad wavelength band centered at 45 micrometers. The minimum brightness temperature (near local midnight) in these near-equatorial scans was 100 K. Along the track observed, the temperature declined steadily from local sunset to near midnight, behaving as would be expected for a homogeneous, porous material with a thermal inertia only slightly larger than that of the moon. From near midnight to dawn, however, the temperature fluctuated over a range of about 10 K.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 185; July 12
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Preliminary infrared radiometry of Venus from Mariner 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The intensity of emission at 45 micrometers, measured with high spatial resolution along a single crossing of the Venus disk, is presented. On the average, the observed darkening toward the limb varies nearly linearly with the cosine of the emission angle. The brightness temperature, extrapolated to normal emission, is 255 K. The limb darkening curve, interpreted in a linear approximation, implies that the atmosphere is quite opaque, with an absorption coefficient of 0.24 per kilometer. Changes in curvature present in the limb darkening curve suggest the existence of thermal inhomogeneities with scale comparable to that of the dark markings shown by ultraviolet images.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Science; 183; Mar. 29
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  • 9
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    The planetary magnetic field and magnetosphere of Jupiter - Pioneer 10 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Data obtained by the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer are presented along with models of the intrinsic magnetic field of Jupiter and its magnetosphere. Data acquired between 2.84 and 6.0 Jupiter radii, where the intensity of the planetary field ranged between 1900 and 18,400 gamma, were used to develop a six-parameter eccentric dipole model of the field. The dipole so derived has a moment of 4.0 G (R sub J) cubed and a tilt angle with respect to Jupiter's rotation axis of 11 deg. A model of the Jovian magnetosphere is presented in which the essential feature is an eastward current sheet that forms an annulus with Jupiter at the center. At large distances from the planet the current sheet is nearly parallel to Jupiter's equator but, in general, does not lie in it. The current sheet is warped, so that it is above the equator on one side and below it on the other. The current sheet rotates with the planet, more or less like a rigid body, this behavior causes an apparent up and down motion and periodic crossings of the current sheet by Pioneer.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Sept. 1
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  • 10
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    In-situ measurement of the rate of U-235 fission induced by lunar neutrons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The depth profile of the neutron-induced fission rate of U-235 was directly measured to a depth of 350 g/sq cm by the Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment. The fission rate rises sharply from the surface to a broad maximum from 110 to 160 g/sq cm and drops off at greater depths. The shape of the theoretical depth profile of Lingenfelter et al (1972) fits the measured capture rates well at all depths. The absolute magnitude of the experimental fission rates are (11 plus or minus 17)% lower than those calculated theoretically. The excellent agreement between theory and experiment implies that conclusions drawn previously by interpreting lunar sample data with the theoretical capture rates will not require revision. In particular, lunar surface processes, rather than uncertainties in the capture rates, are required to explain the relatively low neutron fluences observed for surface soil samples compared to the fluences expected for a uniformly mixed regolith.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 21; 2, Ja; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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