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  • 1
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    Risk analyses for the solar particle events of August through December 1989 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The solar particle events of August through December 1989, among the largest ever recorded, are analyzed to assess the potential hazards to humans on interplanetary missions from events of these types. Using the coupled neutron-proton space radiation transport computer code BRYNTRN, risk estimates for the effects of exposures to the skin, ocular lens, and bone marrow are made for nominal thicknesses of the spacecraft aluminum shielding. Risk assessment in terms of absorbed dose is made for each event. Also presented are estimates of organ absorbed dose and dose equivalent for pairs of events which occurred within 30-day periods, and for the cumulative August through December 1989 period.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Radiation Research (ISSN 0033-7587); 130; 1-6
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Space radiation dose estimates on the surface of Mars (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Langley cosmic ray transport code and the Langley nucleon transport code (BRYNTRN) are used to quantify the transport and attenuation of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar proton flares through the Martian atmosphere. Surface doses are estimated using both a low density and a high density carbon dioxide model of the atmosphere which, in the vertical direction, provides a total of 16 g/sq cm and 22 g/sq cm of protection, respectively. At the Mars surface during the solar minimum cycle, a blood-forming organ (BFO) dose equivalent of 10.5 to 12 rem/yr due to galactic cosmic ray transport and attenuation is calculated. Estimates of the BFO dose equivalents which would have been incurred from the three large solar flare events of August 1972, November 1960, and February 1956 are also calculated at the surface. Results indicate surface BFO dose equivalents of approximately 2 to 5, 5 to 7, and 8 to 10 rem per event, respectively. Doses are also estimated at altitudes up to 12 km above the Martian surface where the atmosphere will provide less total protection.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 27; 353
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  • 3
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    A benchmark for galactic cosmic-ray transport codes (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A nontrivial analytic benchmark solution for galactic cosmic ray transport is presented for use in transport code validation. Computational accuracy for a previously-developed cosmic ray transport code is established to within one percent by comparison with this exact benchmark. Hence, solution accuracy for the transport problem is mainly limited by inaccuracies in the input spectra, input interaction databases, and the use of a straight ahead/velocity-conserving approximation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Radiation Research (ISSN 0033-7587); 114; 201-206
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  • 4
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    Ascent aeromaneuvering capabilities of transatmospheric vehicles (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 25; 19-23
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  • 5
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    Aerothermodynamic heating and performance analysis of a high-lift aeromaneuvering AOTV concept (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 24; 198-204
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  • 6
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    Methods of galactic heavy ion transport (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Two methods of calculating the transition of galactic heavy ions in the earth's atmosphere are compared with respect to accuracy, generality, and computer efficiency. The most general method is shown to have the highest accuracy and is a simple numerical procedure.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Radiation Research (ISSN 0033-7587); 108; 231-237
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  • 7
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    Transport methods and interactions for space radiations (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: This report presents a brief history leading to the involvement of the Langley Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in space-radiation physics and protection. Indeed, a relatively complete summary of technical capability as of the summer of 1990 is given. The Boltzmann equations for coupled ionic and neutronic fields are presented and inversion techniques for the Boltzmann operator are discussed. Errors generated by the straight ahead approximation are derived and are shown to be negligible for most problems of space-radiation protection. A decoupling of projectile propagation from the target fields greatly simplifies the Boltzmann equations and allows an analytic solution of the target fragment transport. Analytic and numerical methods of solving the projectile transport equations are discussed. The nuclear physics underlying the coefficients in the Boltzmann equation is discussed. A coupled-channel optical model is found as a consequence of the loose binding of nuclear matter and closure of the nuclear states in high-energy reactions. Transport solutions with the developed data base are used with laboratory experiments to validate both the transport code and the data base. Numerical benchmarks and comparison with Monte Carlo calculations are also used for code validation.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; : Spaceflight mechan
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  • 8
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    Effects of isotope selection on solution convergence in HZE transport (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A fragmenting iron ion produces hundreds of isotopes during nuclear reactions. These isotopes are represented in the solution of the transport problem. A reduced set of isotopes is selected to minimize the computational burden but introduces error in the final result. A minimum list of 122 isotopes is required for adequate representation of the mass and charge distributions of the secondary radiation fields. A reduced set of 80 isotopes is sufficient to represent the charge distribution alone and represents reasonably well the linear energy transfer properties of the iron beam. Because iron fragmentation produces nearly every isotope lighter than iron, the resulting 122-isotope list should be adequate for ion beams with charges equal to or less than 26.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TP-3445 , L-17357 , NAS 1.60:3445
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Radiation risk predictions for Space Station Freedom orbits (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Risk assessment calculations are presented for the preliminary proposed solar minimum and solar maximum orbits for Space Station Freedom (SSF). Integral linear energy transfer (LET) fluence spectra are calculated for the trapped proton and GCR environments. Organ dose calculations are discussed using the computerized anatomical man model. The cellular track model of Katz is applied to calculate cell survival, transformation, and mutation rates for various aluminum shields. Comparisons between relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and quality factor (QF) values for SSF orbits are made.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TP-3098 , L-16903 , NAS 1.60:3098
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Space radiation dose analysis for solar flare of August 1989 (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Potential dose and dose rate levels to astronauts in deep space are predicted for the solar flare event which occurred during the week of August 13, 1989. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-7) monitored the temporal development and energy characteristics of the protons emitted during this event. From these data, differential fluence as a function of energy was obtained in order to analyze the flare using the Langley baryon transport code, BRYNTRN, which describes the interactions of incident protons in matter. Dose equivalent estimates for the skin, ocular lens, and vital organs for 0.5 to 20 g/sq cm of aluminum shielding were predicted. For relatively light shielding (less than 2 g/sq cm), the skin and ocular lens 30-day exposure limits are exceeded within several hours of flare onset. The vital organ (5 cm depth) dose equivalent is exceeded only for the thinnest shield (0.5 g/sq cm). Dose rates (rem/hr) for the skin, ocular lens, and vital organs are also computed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-TM-4229 , L-16812 , NAS 1.15:4229
    Format: application/pdf
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