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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cryogenic blackbody for millimeter wavelengths (1984)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 5 (1984), S. 1507-1515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: cold load ; blackbody ; Cosmic Microwave Background
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe a cryogenic blackbody reference, or cold load for millimeter wavelength radiation. This blackbody has an emissivity ε γ 0.99 over a two octave wavelength range. We use it as a standard when calibrating sensitive infrared photometers. The particular geometry of the blackbody described is influenced by our application. The basic design data and philosophy are described so that other designs can be evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01040502
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Near-millimeter spectrum of the microwave background (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A description is given of a method for the measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum. A helium-cooled, balloon-borne spectrophotometer was used to measure the emission spectrum of the night sky over the frequency range 1.7-40/cm. The apparatus was calibrated using a blackbody source at a variety of temperatures both before and after the flight. It is shown that the spectrum of the CMB peaks at 6/cm and is approximately that of a blackbody out to several times that frequency. The measured flux is also found to be equivalent to that from a blackbody in the temperature range from 2.88 to 3.09 K. The data set resulting from the combination of these measurements with previous observations of the CMB covers three decades in frequency, and is compared with various CMB models.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 248
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Spectrum of the cosmic background radiation at millimeter wavelengths (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The spectrum of the cosmic background radiation in five frequency bands extending from 2.3 to 11.0 cm with a balloon-borne liquid-helium-cooled photometer. The photometer compares the flux from the sky to the flux from an internal blackbody at 3.2 K. All five measurements are consistent with temperatures in the range 2.78 + or = 0.11 K, which is in good agreement with tempratures measured at lower frequencies. No significant deviation from a thermal spectrum was found.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007); 55; 332-335
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Spectrum of the cosmic background radiation (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the emission spectrum of the night sky have been made in the frequency range from 1.7 to 40 kaysers by using a fully calibrated liquid-helium-cooled balloon-borne spectrophotometer. The results show that the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation peaks at 6 kaysers and is approximately that of a 3-K blackbody out to several times that frequency. However, the data show deviations from a simple blackbody curve.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 42; Apr. 2
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    A search for spectral features in the submillimeter background radiation. (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Mountaintop observations were made at 1 per cent spectral resolution of atmospheric and sky emission in an attempt to determine the spectral features of submillimeter background radiation. No emission features were found that could be related to the diffuse isotropic flux reported from rocket and balloon experiments.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 170; Dec. 1
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  • 6
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    Spectrum of the microwave background radiation (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review is given of the present status of measurements of the spectrum of the microwave background. Factors that limit experimental accuracy are discussed with particular reference to high-frequency measurements. A selection of the available measurements yields a data set that is reasonably consistent with the black-body spectrum for a temperature of 2.9 K. A simple statistical analysis suggests either that there are errors in the data set, or that deviations from a black-body spectrum exist. The difficulties inherent in properly averaging the results from different observers are described. Prospects for improved measurements are summarized.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 7
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    Anisotropy of the diffuse background at millimeter wavelengths (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The anisotropy of the diffuse background radiation has been measured with a 10-deg FWHM beam in a broad spectral band from 0.6 to 4.0 mm. A dipole anisotropy is detected with magnitude consistent with previous measurements; the present data may, however, be contaminated by atmospheric emission. Upper limits are set to fluctuations at higher-order multipoles. The most stringent limit is at l = 4, where a 95-percent confidence-level limit of less than 0.00025 is set. The observed level of isotropy sharply constrains the possibility of local astronomical origin for the submillimeter excess.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters (ISSN 0004-637X); 337; L1-L4
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  • 8
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    A millimeter-wave anisotropy experiment (MAX) to search for anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation on medium angular scales (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: We report preliminary results from two balloon flights of a millimeter-wave telescope designed to measure anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales from 0.3 to 3 degrees. The receiver used in the first flight, in November 1989, was a dichroic, He-3-cooled bolometric photometer with passbands centered at 3, 6, 9, and 12/cm. The second flight, in July 1990, employed improved bolometric detectors. The 3/cm band was removed in order to increase the efficiency of the remaining bands. Preliminary analysis of the data gives a factor of 3 improvement in sensitivity over the first flight in the 6/cm band. Future plans include a new receiver to provide an additional factor of 5 improvement in sensitivity and a new balloon-borne telescope which is optimized for low-background bolometric detectors at millimeter wavelengths.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: In: After the first three minutes; Proceedings of the 1st Astrophysics Workshop, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Oct. 15-17, 1990 (A93-23605 07-90); p. 123-128.
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