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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of transport processes in single crystal growth from the melt (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 881-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quality of large semiconductor crystals grown from the melt for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices is strongly influenced by the intricate coupling of heat and mass transfer and melt flow in growth systems. This paper reviews the present state of understanding of these processes starting from the simplest descriptions of solidification processes to detailed numerical calculations needed for quantitative modeling of processing with solidification. Descriptions of models for the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger and Czochralski crystal growth techniques are included as examples of the level of understanding of industrially important methods.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summary of “an operator's experience with stress corrosion cracking of ammonia spheres” (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 2 (1983), S. 258-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720020415
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage detection, repair, and prevention in an ammonia storage sphere (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 1 (1982), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720010207
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  • 4
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    Cellular interface morphologies in directional solidification. II - The effect of grain boundaries (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A singular perturbation analysis valid for small grain-boundary slopes is used with the one-sided model for solidification to show that grain boundaries introduce imperfections into the symmetry of the developing cellular interfaces which rupture the junction between the family of planar shapes and the bifurcating cellular families. Undulating interfaces are shown to develop first near grain boundaries, and to evolve with decreasing temperature gradient either by a smooth transition from the almost planar family or by a sudden jump to moderate-amplitude cellular forms, depending on the growth rate.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review B, 3rd Series (ISSN 0163-1829); 30; 3993-399
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Perspectives on integrated modeling of transport processes in semiconductor crystal growth (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The wide range of length and time scales involved in industrial scale solidification processes is demonstrated here by considering the Czochralski process for the growth of large diameter silicon crystals that become the substrate material for modern microelectronic devices. The scales range in time from microseconds to thousands of seconds and in space from microns to meters. The physics and chemistry needed to model processes on these different length scales are reviewed.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: In: Heat and mass transfer in materials processing (A93-10826 01-31); p. 137-153.
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Space Station Freedom - A resource for aerospace education (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The role of the International Space Station in future U.S. aerospace education efforts is discussed from a NASA perspective. The overall design concept and scientific and technological goals of the Space Station are reviewed, and particular attention is given to education projects such as the Davis Planetarium Student Space Station, the Starship McCullough, the Space Habitat, the working Space Station model in Austin, TX, the Challenger Center for Space Life Education, Space M+A+X, and the Space Science Student Involvement Program. Also examined are learning-theory aspects of aerospace education: child vs adult learners, educational objectives, teaching methods, and instructional materials.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 88-467
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Rate limits in silicon sheet growth - The connections between vertical and horizontal methods (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Meniscus-defined techniques for the growth of thin silicon sheets fall into two categories: vertical and horizontal growth. The interactions of the temperature field and the crystal shape are analyzed for both methods using two-dimensional finite-element models which include heat transfer and capillarity. Heat transfer in vertical growth systems is dominated by conduction in the melt and the crystal, with almost flat melt/crystal interfaces that are perpendicular to the direction of growth. The high axial temperature gradients characteristic of vertical growth lead to high thermal stresses. The maximum growth rate is also limited by capillarity which can restrict the conduction of heat from the melt into the crystal. In horizontal growth the melt/crystal interface stretches across the surface of the melt pool many times the crystal thickness, and low growth rates are achievable with careful temperature control. With a moderate axial temperature gradient in the sheet a substantial portion of the latent heat conducts along the sheet and the surface of the melt pool becomes supercooled, leading to dendritic growth. The thermal supercooling is surpressed by lowering the axial gradient in the crystal; this configuration is the most desirable for the growth of high quality crystals. An expression derived from scaling analysis relating the growth rate and the crucible temperature is shown to be reliable for horizontal growth.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 82; 1-2; 1-9
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Space education in the context of U.S. Government multiagency efforts in science and mathematics education (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The status of a multiagency endeavor to involve U.S. Federal agencies in the attainment of National Education Goals for the 1990's is presented. Emphasis is placed on the educational activities of NASA, which is one of 16 Federal agencies on the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. NASA's is a prototype education program for achieving excellence in mathematics and science in the coming generations of Americans.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 91-524
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Space education in the context of U.S. government multiagency efforts in science and mathematics education (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The educational activities of NASA which is one of 16 agencies on the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology is discussed. NASA's education mission is to utilize its unique facilities and its specialized workforce to conduct and to leverage externally conducted science, mathematics, and technology education programs and activities. These efforts aimed at meeting the national education goals should help to preserve U.S. leadership in aeronautics, space science, and technology.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1687
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    NASA's educational programs (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The educational programs of NASA's Educational Affairs Division are examined. The problem of declining numbers of science and engineering students is reviewed. The various NASA educational programs are described, including programs at the elementary and secondary school levels, teacher education programs, and undergraduate, graduate, and university faculty programs. The coordination of aerospace education activities and future plans for increasing NASA educational programs are considered.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Government Information Quarterly (ISSN 0740-624X); 7; 2, 19
    Format: text
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