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  • SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project  (5)
  • 33GG20091019-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gordon Gunter; GU0905-1; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Pressure at equilibration; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated; xCO2 (water) at equilibrator temperature (dry air)  (2)
  • Air-sea flux
  • Air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Air-sea CO2 exchange in the equatorial Pacific (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C08S02, doi:10.1029/2003JC002256.
    Description: GasEx-2001, a 15-day air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange study conducted in the equatorial Pacific, used a combination of ships, buoys, and drifters equipped with ocean and atmospheric sensors to assess variability and surface mechanisms controlling air-sea CO2 fluxes. Direct covariance and profile method air-sea CO2 fluxes were measured together with the surface ocean and marine boundary layer processes. The study took place in February 2001 near 125°W, 3°S in a region of high CO2. The diurnal variation in the air-sea CO2 difference was 2.5%, driven predominantly by temperature effects on surface solubility. The wind speed was 6.0 ± 1.3 m s−1, and the atmospheric boundary layer was unstable with conditions over the range −1 〈 z/L 〈 0. Diurnal heat fluxes generated daytime surface ocean stratification and subsequent large nighttime buoyancy fluxes. The average CO2 flux from the ocean to the atmosphere was determined to be 3.9 mol m−2 yr−1, with nighttime CO2 fluxes increasing by 40% over daytime values because of a strong nighttime increase in (vertical) convective velocities. The 15 days of air-sea flux measurements taken during GasEx-2001 demonstrate some of the systematic environmental trends of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The fact that other physical processes, in addition to wind, were observed to control the rate of CO2 transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere indicates that these processes need to be taken into account in local and global biogeochemical models. These local processes can vary on regional and global scales. The GasEx-2001 results show a weak wind dependence but a strong variability in processes governed by the diurnal heating cycle. This implies that any changes in the incident radiation, including atmospheric cloud dynamics, phytoplankton biomass, and surface ocean stratification may have significant feedbacks on the amount and variability of air-sea gas exchange. This is in sharp contrast with previous field studies of air-sea gas exchange, which showed that wind was the dominating forcing function. The results suggest that gas transfer parameterizations that rely solely on wind will be insufficient for regions with low to intermediate winds and strong insolation.
    Description: This work was performed with the support of the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-9986724 and the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program Grants NA06GP048, NA17RJ1223, and NA87RJ0445 in the Office of Global Programs.
    Keywords: Air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes ; Equatorial Pacific ; Direct covariance technique ; Profile flux technique ; Diurnal surface layer
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 2
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    Evaluation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Coupled-Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment (NOAA/COARE) air-sea gas transfer parameterization using GasEx data (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2004. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 109 (2004): C08S11, doi:10.1029/2003JC001831.
    Description: During the two recent GasEx field experiments, direct covariance measurements of air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes were obtained over the open ocean. Concurrently, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Coupled-Ocean Atmospheric Response Experiment air-sea gas transfer parameterization was developed to predict gas transfer velocities from measurements of the bulk state of the sea surface and atmosphere. The model output is combined with measurements of the mean air and sea surface carbon dioxide fugacities to provide estimates of the air-sea CO2 flux, and the model is then tuned to the GasEx-1998 data set. Because of differences in the local environment and possibly because of weaknesses in the model, some discrepancies are observed between the predicted fluxes from the GasEx-1998 and GasEx-2001 cases. To provide an estimate of the contribution to the air-sea flux of gas due to wave-breaking processes, the whitecap and bubble parameterizations are removed from the model output. These results show that moderate (approximately 15 m s−1) wind speed breaking wave gas transfer processes account for a fourfold increase in the flux over the modeled interfacial processes.
    Description: This work was supported by the NOAA Office of Global Programs, under the leadership of Dr. Lisa Dilling. WHOI was supported by the National Science Foundation grant OCE-9711218.
    Keywords: Air-sea interaction ; Air-sea flux ; Air-gas transfer
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Gordon Gunter cruise GU0905-1 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  NOAA-Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 33GG20091019-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gordon Gunter; GU0905-1; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Pressure at equilibration; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated; xCO2 (water) at equilibrator temperature (dry air)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 19750 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Underway physical oceanography and carbon dioxide measurements during Gordon Gunter cruise GU0905-1 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  NOAA-Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-17
    Keywords: 33GG20091019-track; Algorithm; CT; DATE/TIME; Depth, bathymetric, interpolated/gridded; DEPTH, water; Distance; extracted from GLOBALVIEW-CO2; extracted from the 2-Minute Gridded Global Relief Data (ETOPO2); extracted from the NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project; extracted from the World Ocean Atlas 2005; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gordon Gunter; GU0905-1; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Pressure, atmospheric; Pressure, atmospheric, interpolated; Pressure at equilibration; Quality flag; Recomputed after SOCAT (Pfeil et al., 2013); Salinity; Salinity, interpolated; SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project; Temperature, water; Temperature at equilibration; Underway cruise track measurements; xCO2 (air), interpolated; xCO2 (water) at equilibrator temperature (dry air)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 28930 data points
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  • 5
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V4 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (〉100 contributors). SOCAT version 4 has 18.5 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations with an accuracy of better than 5 µatm from 1957 to 2015 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Automation of data upload and initial data checks speeds up data submission and allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 1265 datasets
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  • 6
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V5 (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bakker, Dorothee C E; O'Brien, Kevin M; Pfeil, Benjamin; Currie, Kim I; Kozyr, Alexander; Landa, Camilla S; Lauvset, Siv K; Metzl, Nicolas; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Nonaka, Isao; Olsen, Are; Omar, Abdirahman M; Pierrot, Denis; Saito, Shu; Smith, Karl; Sutton, Adrienne; Sullivan, Kevin; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wanninkhof, Rik; Akl, John; Alin, Simone R; Barbero, Leticia; Barrera, Kira E; Beaumont, Laurence; Becker, Meike; Bernard, Christophe; Bott, Randy; Byrne, Robert; Cai, Wei-Jun; Cosca, Catherine E; Cross, Jessica; Daly, Kendra L; Danguy, Théo; De Carlo, Eric Heinen; Dietrich, Colin; Feely, Richard A; Fiedler, Björn; Glockzin, Michael; Gove, Matthew D; Goyet, Catherine; Guillot, Antoine; Hales, Burke; Hartman, Sue E; Herndon, Julian; Hoppema, Mario; Humphreys, Matthew P; Hunt, Christopher W; Huss, Betty; Hydes, David; Ibánhez, J Severino P; Ishii, Masao; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Steve D; Kitidis, Vassilis; Knorr, Paul O; Körtzinger, Arne; Kosugi, Naohiro; Lee, Charity M; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Liu, Xuewu; Maenner, Stacy M; Manke, Ansley; Manzello, Derek P; Mathis, Jeremy T; Mickett, John; Millero, Frank J; Monacci, Natalie; Monteiro, Pedro; Morell, Julio; Munro, David R; Musielewicz, Sylvia; Neill, Craig; Newberger, Timothy; Newton, Jan; Noakes, Scott; Noh, Jae Hoon; Ohman, Mark; Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig Rósa; Ólafsson, Jón; Osborne, John; Padín, Xose Antonio; Rehder, Gregor; Reimer, Janet J; Robbins, Lisa L; Rutgersson, Anna; Sabine, Christopher L; Salisbury, Joe; Sasano, Daisuke; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schuster, Ute; Send, Uwe; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sutherland, Stewart C; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Telszewski, Maciej; Vandemark, Doug; van Heuven, Steven; Wallace, Douglas WR; Woosley, Ryan J; Wynn, Jonathan G; Yates, Kimberly Kaye (in prep.): Version 5 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT).
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (〉100 contributors). SOCAT version 5 has 21.5 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations from 1957 to 2017 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Calibrated sensor data are also available. Automation allows annual, public releases. SOCAT data is discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT, which celebrates its 10th anniversary in 2017, represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 823 datasets
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  • 7
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V2 (2014)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bakker, Dorothee C E; Pfeil, Benjamin; Smith, Karl; Hankin, Steven; Olsen, Are; Alin, Simone R; Cosca, Catherine E; Harasawa, Sumiko; Kozyr, Alexander; Nojiri, Yukihiro; O'Brien, Kevin M; Schuster, Ute; Telszewski, Maciej; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Akl, John; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicolas R; Boutin, Jacqueline; Bozec, Yann; Cai, Wei-Jun; Castle, Robert D; Chavez, Francisco P; Chen, Lei; Chierici, Melissa; Currie, Kim I; de Baar, Hein J W; Evans, Wiley; Feely, Richard A; Fransson, Agneta; Gao, Zhongyong; Hales, Burke; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Hoppema, Mario; Huang, Wei-Jen; Hunt, Christopher W; Huss, Betty; Ichikawa, Tadafumi; Johannessen, Truls; Jones, Elizabeth M; Jones, Steve D; Jutterstrøm, Sara; Kitidis, Vassilis; Körtzinger, Arne; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T; Merlivat, Liliane; Metzl, Nicolas; Murata, Akihiko; Newberger, Timothy; Omar, Abdirahman M; Ono, Tsuneo; Park, Geun-Ha; Paterson, Kristina; Pierrot, Denis; Ríos, Aida F; Sabine, Christopher L; Saito, Shu; Salisbury, Joe; Sarma, Vedula V S S; Schlitzer, Reiner; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sullivan, Kevin; Sun, Heng; Sutton, Adrienne; Suzuki, Toru; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Tjiputra, Jerry; Tsurushima, Nobuo; van Heuven, Steven; Vandemark, Doug; Vlahos, Penny; Wallace, Douglas WR; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watson, Andrew J (2014): An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2). Earth System Science Data, 6(1), 69-90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-69-2014
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO2 values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longerterm variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2669 datasets
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  • 8
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V3 (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Bakker, Dorothee C E; Pfeil, Benjamin; Landa, Camilla S; Metzl, Nicolas; O'Brien, Kevin M; Olsen, Are; Smith, Karl; Cosca, Catherine E; Harasawa, Sumiko; Jones, Steve D; Nakaoka, Shin-Ichiro; Nojiri, Yukihiro; Schuster, Ute; Steinhoff, Tobias; Sweeney, Colm; Takahashi, Taro; Tilbrook, Bronte; Wada, Chisato; Wanninkhof, Rik; Alin, Simone R; Balestrini, Carlos F; Barbero, Leticia; Bates, Nicolas R; Bianchi, Alejandro A; Bonou, Frédéric Kpédonou; Boutin, Jacqueline; Bozec, Yann; Burger, Eugene; Cai, Wei-Jun; Castle, Robert D; Chen, Liqi; Chierici, Melissa; Currie, Kim I; Evans, Wiley; Featherstone, Charles; Feely, Richard A; Fransson, Agneta; Goyet, Catherine; Greenwood, Naomi; Gregor, Luke; Hankin, Steven; Hardman-Mountford, Nicolas J; Harlay, Jérôme; Hauck, Judith; Hoppema, Mario; Humphreys, Matthew P; Hunt, Christopher W; Huss, Betty; Ibánhez, J Severino P; Johannessen, Truls; Keeling, Ralph F; Kitidis, Vassilis; Körtzinger, Arne; Kozyr, Alexander; Krasakopoulou, Evangelia; Kuwata, Akira; Landschützer, Peter; Lauvset, Siv K; Lefèvre, Nathalie; Lo Monaco, Claire; Manke, Ansley; Mathis, Jeremy T; Merlivat, Liliane; Millero, Frank J; Monteiro, Pedro M S; Munro, David R; Murata, Akihiko; Newberger, Timothy; Omar, Abdirahman M; Ono, Tsuneo; Paterson, Kristina; Pearce, David J; Pierrot, Denis; Robbins, Lisa L; Saito, Shu; Salisbury, Joe; Schlitzer, Reiner; Schneider, Bernd; Schweitzer, Roland; Sieger, Rainer; Skjelvan, Ingunn; Sullivan, Kevin; Sutherland, Stewart C; Sutton, Adrienne; Tadokoro, Kazuaki; Telszewski, Maciej; Tuma, Matthias; van Heuven, Steven; Vandemark, Doug; Ward, Brian; Watson, Andrew J; Xu, Suqing (2016): A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). Earth System Science Data, 8(2), 383-413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with regular updates. Version 3 of SOCAT has 14.5 million fCO2 values from 3646 data sets covering the years 1957 to 2014. This latest version has an additional 4.4 million fCO2 values relative to version 2 and extends the record from 2011 to 2014. Version 3 also significantly increases the data availability for 2005 to 2013. SOCAT has an average of approximately 1.2 million surface water fCO2 values per year for the years 2006 to 2012. Quality and documentation of the data has improved. A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water fCO2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. High-profile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This living data publication documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new version of the SOCAT data collection compared with previous publications of this data collection (Pfeil et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2013; Bakker et al., 2014).
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3657 datasets
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  • 9
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    Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V6 (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (〉100 contributors). SOCAT version 6 has 23.4 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations from 1957 to 2017 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Calibrated sensor data are also available. Automation allows annual, public releases. SOCAT data is discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.
    Keywords: SOCAT; Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Project
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 424 datasets
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
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