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  • 1
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    Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic stem cells (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-28
    Description: Mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells and contain their own genome (mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Unlike the nuclear genome, which is derived from both the egg and sperm at fertilization, the mtDNA in the embryo is derived almost exclusively from the egg; that is, it is of maternal origin. Mutations in mtDNA contribute to a diverse range of currently incurable human diseases and disorders. To establish preclinical models for new therapeutic approaches, we demonstrate here that the mitochondrial genome can be efficiently replaced in mature non-human primate oocytes (Macaca mulatta) by spindle-chromosomal complex transfer from one egg to an enucleated, mitochondrial-replete egg. The reconstructed oocytes with the mitochondrial replacement were capable of supporting normal fertilization, embryo development and produced healthy offspring. Genetic analysis confirmed that nuclear DNA in the three infants born so far originated from the spindle donors whereas mtDNA came from the cytoplast donors. No contribution of spindle donor mtDNA was detected in offspring. Spindle replacement is shown here as an efficient protocol replacing the full complement of mitochondria in newly generated embryonic stem cell lines. This approach may offer a reproductive option to prevent mtDNA disease transmission in affected families.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2774772/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachibana, Masahito -- Sparman, Michelle -- Sritanaudomchai, Hathaitip -- Ma, Hong -- Clepper, Lisa -- Woodward, Joy -- Li, Ying -- Ramsey, Cathy -- Kolotushkina, Olena -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- P01 HD047675/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-01A17045/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD047675-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486766/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486775/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-486819/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496038/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496045/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496074/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496134/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496136/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163-496137/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121-01A2/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS044330-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR013632-10/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):367-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08368. Epub 2009 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oregon National Primate Research Center, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19710649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/*genetics ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/transplantation ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genes, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Macaca mulatta/embryology/*genetics ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics/prevention & control ; Mutation ; Oocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Towards germline gene therapy of inherited mitochondrial diseases (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Description: Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with severe human diseases and are maternally inherited through the egg's cytoplasm. Here we investigated the feasibility of mtDNA replacement in human oocytes by spindle transfer (ST; also called spindle-chromosomal complex transfer). Of 106 human oocytes donated for research, 65 were subjected to reciprocal ST and 33 served as controls. Fertilization rate in ST oocytes (73%) was similar to controls (75%); however, a significant portion of ST zygotes (52%) showed abnormal fertilization as determined by an irregular number of pronuclei. Among normally fertilized ST zygotes, blastocyst development (62%) and embryonic stem cell isolation (38%) rates were comparable to controls. All embryonic stem cell lines derived from ST zygotes had normal euploid karyotypes and contained exclusively donor mtDNA. The mtDNA can be efficiently replaced in human oocytes. Although some ST oocytes displayed abnormal fertilization, remaining embryos were capable of developing to blastocysts and producing embryonic stem cells similar to controls.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561483/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561483/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tachibana, Masahito -- Amato, Paula -- Sparman, Michelle -- Woodward, Joy -- Sanchis, Dario Melguizo -- Ma, Hong -- Gutierrez, Nuria Marti -- Tippner-Hedges, Rebecca -- Kang, Eunju -- Lee, Hyo-Sang -- Ramsey, Cathy -- Masterson, Keith -- Battaglia, David -- Lee, David -- Wu, Diana -- Jensen, Jeffrey -- Patton, Phillip -- Gokhale, Sumita -- Stouffer, Richard -- Mitalipov, Shoukhrat -- 8P51OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY021214/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057121/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD059946/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD063276/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jan 31;493(7434):627-31. doi: 10.1038/nature11647. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cryopreservation ; Cytoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; Female ; Fertilization ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/genetics/growth & development ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Mitochondrial Diseases/*genetics/*therapy ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques/*standards ; Oocytes/cytology ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult ; Zygote/cytology/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical analysis of viscous, incompressible flow in a diverging-converging RUC (1993)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 13 (1993), S. 161-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Flow in porous media ; diverging-converging capillary RUC ; numerical computation ; vorticity-stream function equation ; corner singularity ; pressure computation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract To quantitatively analyze the macroscopic properties of the flow in porous media by means of the continuum approach, detailed information (velocity and pressure fields) on the microscopic scale is necessary. In this paper, the numerical solution for incompressible, Newtonian flow in a diverging-converging representative unit cell (RUC) is presented. A new solution procedure for the problem is introduced. A review of the accuracy of the computational method is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The microscopic analysis of high forchheimer number flow in porous media (1993)
    Springer
    Transport in porous media 13 (1993), S. 139-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1634
    Keywords: Flow in porous media ; non-Darcy flow ; inertial effects ; high Forchheimer number ; Forchheimer equation ; averaging theorem ; diverging-converging capillary RUC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Technology
    Notes: Abstract High Forchheimer number flow through a rigid porous medium is numerically analysed by means of the volumetric averaging concept. The microscopic flow mechanisms, which must be known in order to understand the macroscopic flow phenomena, are studied by utilising a periodic diverging-converging representative unit cell (RUC). The detailed information for the microscopic flow field, in association with the locally averaged momentum balance, makes it possible to quantitatively demonstrate that the microscopic inertial phenomenon, which leads to distorted velocity and pressure fields, is the fundamental reason for the onset of nonlinear (non-Darcy) effects as velocity increases. The hydrodynamic definitions for Darcy's law permeabilityk, the inertial coefficientΒ and Forchheimer number Fo are obtained by applying the averaging theorem to the pore level Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, these macroscopic parameters are numerically calculated at various combinations of micro-geometry and flow rate, and graphically correlated with the relevant microscopic parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654407
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