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  • 1
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 25 (1974), S. 12-25 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvement of the resistance to corrosion by superheated steam of Incoly Alloy 800 tube material by surface deformation treatmentSpecimens of Incoloy 800 (%, 45.8 Fe, 31.7 Ni + Co, 20 Cr, low additions of Cu, Mn, Al, Ti, Si), having undergone a surface deformation treatment (rolling, bending, sand blasting, needle peening, emery grinding) were exposed to superheated steam (500 and 1000 hrs, 600 and 620 °C, 1, 70 and 145 atm, 0.03 and 3.5 m/s). The weight loss measured has been evaluated as a function of the surface quality. It has been shown that the corrosion losses are inversely proportional to the degree of deformation, corrosion being reduced by 95-96% at 90% deformation. In this context the bending deformation, sand blasting and needle peening are most efficient, while rolling or emery grinding give rise but to deformations in a very thin surface layer which have no “selfhealing” properties. The composition of the corrosion products depends from the degree of deformation: increasing deformation gives rise to a decrease of the iron content, while the contents of nickel, chromium and manganese are increased; this phenomenon is responsible for the protective effect which is due to the formation of chromium oxide coatings.
    Notes: Proben aus Incoloy 800 (%, 45, 8 Fe, 31,7 Ni + Co, 20 Cr, geringe Zusätze von Cu, Mn, Al, Ti, Si) wurden nach einer Oberflächenverformung - Walzen, Biegen, Sandstrahlen, Nadelstrahlen, Schmirgeln - der Einwirkung von überhitztem Wasserdampf (500 und 1000 h, 600 und 620°C, 1, 70 und 145 atm, 0,03 und 3,5 m/s)ausgesetzt. Der gemessene Gewichtsverlust wurde in Beziehung zum Oberflächenzustand ausgewertet. Es zeigte sich, daß die Korrosionsionsverluste umgekehrt proportional dem Verformungsgrad sind: die Korrosion ist bei 90%iger Verformung der Probe um 95-96% verringert. In dieser Hinsicht sind die Biegeverformung, das Sandstrahlen und das Nadelstrahlen am wirksamsten, während beim Walzen oder Schmirgeln nur eine sehr dünne Oberflächenschicht verformt wird, die dann keine selbstheilenden Eigenschaften besitzt. Die Zusammensetzung der Korrosionsprodukte ist abhängig vom Verformungsgrad: zunehmende Verformung führt zu einer Verringerung des Eisengehalts, während die Gehalte an Nickel, Chrom und Mangan in den Korrosionsprodukten ansteigen. Diese Erscheinung ist ursächlich für den Schutzeffekt, der auf der Bildung von Chromoxidschichten beruht.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 37 (1986), S. 110-110 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. S2 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Comparative corrosion test of dental alloys in a bioreactorThe demands in the modern prosthetics require the insertion of ceramics, polymers, metals and composites in the oral cavity.To realise dental applications of ceramics and polymers intensive efforts was made in research and development in the last years.Nevertheless metallic materials possess one of the most important positions in biomedical engineering. The excellent biofunctionality of the metallic dental materials is responsible for this situation.One of the greatest disadvantages by integrating metallic materials in the human organism is the great susceptibility to corrosion in the biological environment.Experiments to describe the corrosion behaviour under simulated in-vivo conditions should be used to estimate the biocompatibility of the inserted biomaterials. The quality of the simulated biological environment defines the clinical relevance of these experiments.In this work a research team of the „Thüringer Arbeitsgemeinschaft Biomaterial e.V.“ reports about corrosion experiments on precious and non-precious dental alloys in an in-vitro test system, which represents a new simulation equipment for the development of a artificial oral cavity.
    Notes: Die Anforderungen in der modernen zahnärztlichen Prothetik bedingen den Einsatz von Keramiken, Polymerwerkstoffen und metallischen Komponenten in der Mundhöhle.Trotz intensiver Bemühungen in Forschung und Entwicklung mit dem Ziel der dentalen Applikation von keramischen und polymeren Werkstoffen bzw. von Kompositwerkstoffen, nehmen die metallischen Werkstoffe bei der prothetischen Versorgung der Patienten nach wie vor eine dominierende Stellung ein. Verantwortlich hierfür ist im wesentlichen die sehr gute Biofunktionalität von Dentallegierungen.Der grundsätzliche Nachteil, der mit dem Einsatz von metallischen Materialien im menschlichen Organismus verknüpft ist, ist mit der zweifelsohne starken Korrosionsanfälligkeit im biologischen Milieu gegeben.Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsverhalten unter angenäherten in-vivo Bedingungen müssen daher zu einer orientierenden Bewertung der zu erwartenden Biokompatibilität herangezogen werden.Inwieweit es gelingt, derartige Untersuchungen mit klinischer Relevanz durchzuführen, hängt im wesentlichen von der Qualität des unter in-vitro Bedingungen simulierten biologischen Milieus ab.In der vorliegenden Arbeit berichtet eine Forschungsgruppe der „Thüringer Arbeitsgemeinschaft Biomaterial e.V.“ über Korrosionsuntersuchungen an edelmetallhaltigen und edelmetallfreien Dentallegierungen, die in einem neuen in-vitro Anlagensystem durchgeführt wurden und die als Basis für die Entwicklung eines klinisch relevanten, mikrobiellen Mundhöhlenmilleus dienen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 265-267 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the effects of alternating current on magnesium anodesLaboratory tests were made to study the effects of alternating current on magnesium anodes. The electrolytes used were 20% soil solution (resistivity 34 Ωm), 0.72% sodium sulphate solution (resistivity 1 Ωm) and desalinated water (4.000 Ωm).The tests showed that it is not the a. c. voltage but the a. c. density which is the reason for a positive potential shift in magnesium anode systems. The critical density is 20 A/m2. Polarity reversal in the magnesium/iron galvanic cell occurs at an a. c. density of 60 A/m2 depending on the electrolyte; at this density, the anodic magnesium becomes cathodic. Magnesium anode mass loss tests carried out to study the effect of alternating current on magnesium anodes showed that the anode mass loss amounts to approx. 20 grammes/day/m2 at a current density of 20 A/m2; mass loss increases as a linear function of a. c. density.As far as pipeline applications are concerned, it is important to note that anode mass loss is particularly high in low resistivity soils in areas where high a. c. voltages are induced into the pipeline system.
    Notes: Es wurde der Wechselstromeinfluß auf Magnesiumanoden in Laborversuchen untersucht. Als Elektrolytlösung dienten 20%ige Bodenlösungen mit einem spezifischen Widerstand von 34 Ωm, 0,72%ige Natriumsulfatlösung 1 Ωm und entsalztes Wasser 4000 Ωm.Es zeigte sich, daß die maßgebende Größe, die eine Potentialverschiebung in positiver Richtung bei Magnesium hervorruft, nicht die Wechselspannung, sondern die Wechselstromdichte ist. Die Potentialänderung beginnt bei Wechselstromdichten ab 20 A/m2. Im galvanischen Element Magnesium/Eisen findet je nach Elektrolyt bei einer Wechselstromdichte um 60 A/m2 eine Umpolung statt, d. h. das Magnesium wird ursprünglich Anode zur Kathode. Versuche, bei denen die Massenverlustrate von Magnesium, hervorgerufen durch Wechselstromüberlagerung, bestimmt wurde, zeigten, daß bei Wechselstromdichten ab 20 A/m2 ein linear steigender Massenverlust von ungefähr 20 g pro Tag und m2 stattfindet.Für die Rohrleitungstechnik ergibt sich daraus, daß bei niederohmigem Boden und hohen induzierten Wechselspannungen eine Massenverlustrate auftritt, die bei der Auslegung der Anodengröße berücksichtigt werden muß.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experimental set-up for relaxation spectroscopy with a newly constructed time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF-MS) is described. The response to single gas pulses is measured with the ToF-MS, which is equipped with a special storing ion source and an electrostatic ion reflector. The gas pulses, with rise and fall times of less than 2 ms, are generated by a solenoid valve in a differentially pumped system. Conventional ToF instruments with ionization by electron pulses detect only a small fraction of the incoming molecules. Therefore our instrument with the storing (integrating) ion source is more sensitive, typically by a factor of 1000. Pulses of deuterated acetic acid (AcOD) with a length of 20 ms are used to produce exposures of 1/1000 monolayer (ML) per pulse on a polycrystalline Pd foil. On clean Pd the formation of CO2 is observed. An activation energy of 0.78 eV and a preexponential factor of 3 × 108 s-1 are derived from the transients in the temperature range between 550 and 650 K. After a total dose of 1 ML of AcOD the CO2 signal ceases and the AcOD signal emerges, yielding an activation energy of 0.44 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 9 × 108 s-1. It is shown that even exposure to small doses of AcOD decreases the efficiency of CO2 formation. After a dose of 2 ML the CO2 formation is completely suppressed. To determine the energy and the pre-exponential factor for the investigated surface reaction, an exposure dose of less than 1/100 ML is sufficient.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 1 (1980), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1131-1132 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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