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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 21 (1970), S. 917-924 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Transporteigenschaften und Defektstruktur des auf FeCr-Legierungen entstehenden Oxids (Fe, Cr2)O3Die Schutzeigenschaften einer auf einem Metall entstehenden Zunderschicht sind eng verbunden mit der Art des Stofftransports durch das Oxid. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Oxydations- verhalten der binären FeCr-Legierungen behandelt, welche die Grundlage zahlreicher technisch wichtiger Werkstoffe sind; gleichzeitig wird versucht, eine Beziehung zwischen Oxydationsverhalten einerseits und Defektstruktur und Transporteigenschaften der Oxide vom Typ (Fe, Cr)2O3, andererseits herzustellen. Die über dieses System vorhandenen Informationen be- schränken sich im wesentlichen auf die Endprodukte, nämlich Cr2O3 und Fe2O3. Das Chromoxid ist ein Oxid vom p-Typ rnit Kationenunterschuß, so daß der Kationentransport überwiegt. Das Eisenoxid hingegen ist ein Oxid vom n-Typ und enthält wahrscheinlich Eisen auf Zwischengitterplätzen sowie Sauerstoffleerstellen; die Transportgeschwindigkeiten für diese beiden Spezies sind vergleichbar, doch die Defektstruktur und die Eigenschaften der beiden Oxide sind bisher nur teilweise bekannt. Neue Messungen unter Verwendung von thermogravimetrischen, elektrischen und Hochtemperatur-Verformungstechniken zur Ermittlung der genannten Eigenschaften werden kurz beschrieben.Elektrische Messungen stützen die Hypothese, wonach bestimmte feste Lösungen von Cr2O3-Fe2O3 durch niedrigere Defektkonzentrationen und niedrigere Ionentransportgeschwindigkeiten als die reinen Oxide gekennzeichnet sind. Es gibt Anzeichen dafür, daß die auf einer binären Legierung mit etwa 20% Chrom entstehenden Zunderschichten etwa die Zusammensetzung haben, welche für niedrige Oxydationsgeschwindigkeiten erforderlich ist. Kurz eingegangen wird auf die mögliche Erweiterung der Theorie für die Bildung won stöchiometrisch zusammengesetzten Zunderschichten zum Schutz won ternären und noch komplexeren Legierungen.
    Notes: The protective properties of a scale forming on a metal are intimately relat-ed to the way in which matter is transported through the oxide. This report re-views the oxidation behaviour the bi-nary iron-chromium alloys which form the basis of many technologically important materials and attempts to relate it to the defect structure and transport properties of (Fe, Cr)2O3 oxides. Existing information on this system is mainly restricted to the end members, Cr2O3 and Fe2O3. The former is a cation deficient, p-type oxide and cation transport dominates. Fe2O3 is n-type, probably containing iron interstitials and oxygen vacancies, with comparable transport rates for both species, but the defect structure and properties of both oxides have been only partly characterized. New measurements by thermogravimetric, electrical and high temperature deformation techniques of these properties are briefly described.Electrical measurements support the hypothesis that certain solid solutions of Cr2O3-Fe2O3have lower defect concentrations and ionic transport rates than the pure oxides. There is evidence that scales of about the required composition form on the binary alloy containing about 20% Cr and are responsible for its low oxidation rate. Possible extensions of the theory to the design of highly stoichiometric scales for the protection of tornary and more complex alloys are briefly mentioned.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 12 (1954), S. 461-468 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A selected monomer containing a photosensitizer flows along a capillary at a defined rate into a suitable receiver. Very high concentrations of free radicals (up to 10-4mole/l.) are produced at a selected point by focusing into it a large proportion of the radiation from a capillary are lamp. These polymer radicals grow to a chain length determined by the time spent subsequently in the capillary and it has been demonstrated by a utilization of the theory of the nonstationary phase in chain reactions that most of the radicals can be introduced into a second monomer contained in the receiver. That their continued growth in the new environment leads to the synthesis of block copolymer has been proved by examination of the ultraviolet spectra of the products.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton and 13C chemical shift assignments are reported for the neuropeptide Met-enkephalin (ME) in both aqueous solution and in the presence of 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Rotating frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy was used to qualitatively describe interproton distances. These distances were then used as restraints in the distance geometry based molecular modeling program Dspace, developed by Hare Research to generate sets of conformations of ME. The resulting aqueous solution conformations of ME were determined to exhibit characteristic of an extended random-coil polypeptide with no distinguishable secondary structure. The resulting set of solution conformations of ME in the presence of 50 m M SDS exhibited characteristics of an amphiphilic type IV β turn that are stabilized by hydrophobic aromatic-aromatic interactions between the side chains of Tyr1 and Phe4. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To better understand the structural basis of the biological activity of the neuropeptide substance P SP; (Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2), two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy experiments and simulated annealing calculations were used to investigate the conformation adopted in the presence of the membrane model system sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was determined that SP in the presence of SDS micelles undergoes a conformational equilibrium between an α- and a 310-helix involving the midregion (Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7-Phe8) of the peptide. The C-terminus adopts an extended conformation while the N-terminus remains quite flexible. The conformation adopted by SP in the presence of SDS micelles yields a structure that is consistent with the model of a neurokinin-1 selective ligand proposed by Convert. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: thermodynamic characterization ; optical melting studies ; sequence specificity ; binding of Co(III) to DNA ; designed oligomers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interaction specificities of Co(III) with DNA were investigated via consideration of thermodynamic characteristics of the duplex to single strand transition for DNA oligomers incubated in the presence of [Co(NH3)5(OH2)] (ClO4)3. It has previously been demonstrated that incubation of the DNA oligomer [(5medC-dG)4]2 with this cobalt complex leads to coordination of the cobalt center to the DNA, presumably at N7 of guanine bases [D. C. Calderone, E. J. Mantilla, M. Hicks, D. H. Huchital, W. R. Murphy, Jr. and R. D. Sheardy, (1995) Biochemistry 34, 13841]. In this report, DNA oligomers of different sequence were incubated with [Co(NH3)5(OH2)] (ClO4)3 via protocols developed previously and the treated oligomers were subjected to thermal denaturation for comparison to the untreated oligomers. The DNA oligomers were designed in order to investigate the sequence specificity, if any, in the reaction of the cobalt complex with DNA. The values of Tm, ΔHuH, and Δn (the differential ion binding term) obtained from the thermal denaturations were used to assess the sequence specificity of the interaction. For all oligomers, treated or untreated, Tm and ΔuH vary linearly with log [Na+] and hence the value of Δn is a function of the Na+ concentration. The results indicate no significant reaction between the cobalt complex and oligomers possessing isolated -GA- or -CG- sites; however, the thermodynamic characteristics of DNA oligomers possessing either an isolated -GG- site or an isolated -GC- site were altered by the treatment. Atomic absorption studies of the treated oligomers demonstrate that only the DNA oligomers possessing isolated -GG- or -GC- sites bind cobalt. Hence, the changes in the thermodynamic properties of these oligomers are a result of cobalt binding with a remarkable sequence specificity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 42: 549-599, 1997
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 32 (1992), S. 85-96 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The interactions between the positively charged neuropeptides substance P (SP), bradykinin (BK), and zwitterionic Met-enkephalin (ME) neuropeptides, and negatively charged SDS and zwitterionic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) membrane model systems, have been investigated using one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments. Proton longitudinal relaxation studies were used to characterize these interactions as intrinsic or extrinsic. An extrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for extrinsic membrane proteins. An intrinsic interaction are similar to those observed for intrinsic membrane proteins, and would require that the hydrophobic residues penetrate or insert into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. The interactions between both SP and BK and SDS, based on nmr results, may be characterized as intrinsic, and the interaction between ME and SDS may be characterized as extrinsic. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments proved the insertion of the phenylalanine residues on both SP and BK into the hydrophobic core of SDS micelles. The interaction between SP and BK with LPC based on nmr results are characterized as extrinsic, with the interaction between ME and SDS characterized as weakly intrinsic.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy has been used as a rapid method to evaluate the hydrophobia interactions between a series of cationic and zwitterionic neuropeptides and dipeptides with the hydrophobia core of two membrane model systems; sodium dodecyl sulfate and lysophosphatidylcholine micelles. If a hydrophobia interaction occurs, a 1-nm bathochromic shift is observed in the uv-visible spectrum of the aromatic side chains when going from aqueous solution to a micellar solution. The aromatic residues of substance P, bradykinin, and Des-Arg9 bradykinin all exhibited the 1-nm bathochromic shift in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate while those of Met-enkephalin did not. The opposite effects were observed in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine micelles. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The linear nonapeptide hormone bradykinin (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9) is involved, either directly or indirectly, in a wide variety of physiological processes, particularly pain and hyperanalgesia. Additional evidence suggests that bradykinin also plays a major role in inflammatory response, asthma, sepsis, and symptoms associated with the rhinoviral infection. It has long been speculated that a β-turn at the C-terminus of bradykinin plays a major role in the biological activity of the neuropeptide. The β-turn forming potential of bradykinin in three vastly different local chemical environments, DMSO, 9 : 1 dioxane/water, and in the presence of 7.4 mM lyso phosphatidylcholine micelles, was investigated using two-dimensional homonuclear nmr experiments coupled with simulated annealing calculations. The results of these investigations show that in all three systems residues 6-9 of the C-terminus adopt very similar β-turn like structures. These results suggest that the β-turn at the C-terminus of bradykinin is an important secondary structural feature for receptor recognition and binding. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 663-673 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene-butadiene multiblock copolymers were examined with both newly introduced and established rheological techniques and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate shear-induced structural changes in these polymers. Transient rheological tests (based on superposed flow principles) were developed which probed structural changes that occur in the copolymers during and at the cessation of steady shear. Data from these tests indicated that for the cylindrical morphology copolymer (SB1) there were structural changes occurring during steady shear that were recovered upon cessation of shear. The recovery process took place on time scales that could be significant in processing. The lamellar morphology material (SB2) did not exhibit this recovery behavior. Longer-term structure changes were investigated using established techniques and showed differences between the cylindrical and lamellar copolymers. When tested at 210°C, peaks in tan δ occurred at 30 rad/s for SB1 and at 0.5 rad/s for SB2 with saturation strain levels of 150 strain units (SU) for SB1 and 80 SU for SB2. TEM analysis of SB2 indicated that, although rheological changes are significant up to 80 SU, better alignment of the domain morphology can be achieved at moderately low strains of 7 SU. This indicates that the copolymers' rheological changes, which occur as a result of steady shearing, may not be due entirely to domain alignment, but may also be due to more local molecular rearrangements (e.g., chain disentanglement). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Quantification has been achieved on a range of a-SiC: H films using the techniques of XPS and AES. The procedure of quantification, involving the use of three standards, four matrix factors and an effective matrix factor, is given. These results are compared with results from standless techniques. The correlation between matrix factors, local atomic bonding configurations and the effect on the deduced composition are discussed. Recommendations are made concerning the use of various quantification methods, and their inherent errors are discussed.
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