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  • 1
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195 (1994), S. 1405-1421 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Pseudomonas oleovorans was grown separately on the methyl, ethyl and tert-butyl esters of octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acid in attempts to obtain poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates), PHAs, with ester groups at the terminal position of the β-substituent. The growth rate increased from methyl to tert-butyl esters, but the rate for the slowest growing substrates, the methyl esters, could be accelerated by using special feeding techniques, either by prefeeding with sodium acetate or by cofeeding with a good growth and polymer producing substrate, sodium octanoate. For the ethyl esters the prefeeding technique had minimal success, but a considerable increase of the growth rate was achieved by starting the bacterial growth with a pre-culture that was grown on the substrate under investigation. Tert-butyl nonanoate as the substrate gave the most rapid growth, but the growth rate was not influenced by special feeding techniques. All of these substrates formed copolymers which contained up to eight different repeating units and some had terminal ester groups on alkane side chains of varying lengths. The use of methyl esters as substrates resulted in the incorporation of a reasonably high degree of pendant methyl ester groups in the polymer produced, and the amount of repeating units carrying pendant ester groups dependend directly on the oxygen supply available to the bacterial culture. The fermentation of substrates with ethyl ester groups resulted in the formation of copolymers containing either unsubstituted units or units containing either ethyl or methyl ester groups, or both. The reason for this unexpected behavior was not clarified. The large tert-butyl ester group was not maintained as a substituent group in the polymer, but instead, growth on this substrate always resulted in producing polymers consisting of the unsubstituted repeating units expected from the corresponding carboxylic acid alone.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 197 (1996), S. 1193-1215 
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Films of synthetic poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)s (PHB)s ranging from highly isotactic to moderately syndiotactic were cast from each of several polymer fractions isolated from ring-opening polymerizations of racemic β-butyrolactone and were subjected to degradation by the extracellular PHB depolymerases of the bacterium Pseudomonas lemoignei and the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus M2A. Films of bacterially produced PHB were also degraded for comparison. Gravimetric determinations of enzymatic degradation were measured relative to control experiments in which no depolymerase was added. Each sample was exposed to the same concentration of enzyme, as determined by the activity of the enzyme solutions towards bacterial PHB powder, and the degradation behavior varied strongly with the tacticity of the samples. Weight loss was greatest for the bacterial polymer, with films being completely degraded by either enzyme in 48 h. The degradation of the synthetic samples by both enzymes followed similar trends, although the fungal depolymerase effected less rapid degradation for all synthetic samples than did the bacterial enzyme. Of the synthetic PHB samples, those of intermediate tacticity (55-60% isotactic diads) exhibited the greatest rate of weight loss, while those most syndiotactic in nature (34-45% isotactic) degraded the most slowly. The observed rates are interpreted in terms of isotactic contents, tacticity sequence distributions, and sample crystallinities.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 5 (1950), S. 388-389 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Performance of wood-stud walls depends on the integrity of nailed connections between the sheathing and the framing members. The performance of nailed connections has been studied at room temperature, but the effects of intense thermal loads, such as those from fire, are still poorly understood. This study examines the temperature distribution within nailed joints exposed to fire; this information is essential in modeling strength and stiffness of connections in wall systems. The finite-element method was used to determine the effects of wood density, nail size, and type of gypsum board on temperature distribution within a set of connections. Temperature distributions were verified in nailed joints exposed in fire tests conducted in accordance with ASTM E119-88. The principal path of heat flow through the connection was along the nail, rather than directly through the interface between gypsum board and wood. Wood species, type of gypsum board, and nail length did not change temperature distribution significantly.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 44 (1993), S. 39-49 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Viele polymere Gläser erhalten erst durch molekulare Orientierung wertvolle Eigenschaften. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Dynamik der Orientierung und der Relaxationsprozesse zu untersuchen und dieses Verhalten mit den strukturellen Eigenschaften der Polymere zu korrelieren. Die untersuchten Substanzen sind von Interesse für Anwendungen in der nichtlinearen Optik. Insbesondere wurden dünne Filme untersucht, die entweder mit nichtlinear-optischen Chromophoren dotiert waren oder in denen die Chromophore covalent an Seitengruppen gebunden waren. Die Orientierung der Chromophore wurde durch Einwirkung eines äußeren elektrischen Feldes erreicht. Zur Messung der durch die Orientierung der Chromophore hervorgerufenen Doppelbrechnung wurde die Ellipsometrie eingesetzt. Folgende Parameter der untersuchten Materialien wurden untersucht: Art der Einführung der Chromophore, Chromophorkonzentration, Spacerlänge und Molekülmasse. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß die Struktur des Polymers, insbesondere die Taktizität, der bestimmende Faktor sowohl für den Übergangsprozeß als auch für den stationären Zustand ist. Die Beziehungen zwischen Monomerund Polymerstrukur und die daraus resultierende Wirkung auf die Dynamik der Orientierung werden diskutiert. Für das einfachere Gast/Wirt-System wurde eine qualitative Übereinstimmung mit theoretischen Annahmen gefunden, jedoch erwies sich das Modell als ungeeignet, um das Verhalten der komplizierteren Systeme zu erklären. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse ermöglichen wertvolle Einblicke in die molekularen Prozesse, die bei der Orientierung und Ralaxation von Chromophoren auftreten, sowie in die Auswirkung der Struktur der Polymere auf diese Mechanismen.
    Notes: Many polymeric glasses must be orientationally ordered for the materials to exhibit useful characteristics. The objective of this work was to understand the dynamics of the orientation and relaxation processes and to relate these behaviours to the structural characteristics of the polymeric material. In this study we considered materials suitable for nonlinear optical applications. In particular, thin polymer films, either doped with nonlinear optical chromophores or films with the chromophores covalently bonded to side groups were studied. Orientation of these chromophores was achieved by the application of an external electric field. Ellipsometry was used to measure the birefringence resulting from chromophore orientation and the steady state and transient behaviours were studied. Materials characteristics studied included method of chromophore incorporation, chromophore concentration, spacer length, and molecular weight. Our results showed that the polymer structure, specifically the tacticity, was the dominant factor determining the steady state and transient behaviours. The relationship between monomer and polymer structure and the resulting effect on the orientation dynamics is discussed. Qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions was obtained for the simpler guest/host system, but the model was shown to be inadequate to explain the behaviours of the more complex systems studied. The results reported here have provided valuable insight into the molecular processes that occur during the chromophore orientation and relaxation, and the effects of structural characteristics of the polymers on these mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1871-1874 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 1383-1385 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 1729-1736 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A concentric cylinder conductivity cell with guard heaters was constructed and used to determine the thermal conductivity of polymer melts. Thermal conductivity was found to be a linear function of temperature for the melts studied, and the thermal conductivity decreased as the complexity of the polymer chain increased. The polymers studied were a linear polyethylene, branched polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon 6, and nylon 6,10. The measurements are precise to within ±6%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 267-282 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Quantitative studies on the electrophoretic deposition of a polyimide polymer were carried out over the voltage range 25-100 V dc. Deposition yield was related to voltage, time, and coulombs and was found to obey Faraday's laws of electrolysis. Equations relating yield to voltage and coulombs were obtained from the plotted data. Results of coulombic studies indicate that the effective equivalent weight of the polymeric species being deposited is between 6800 and 7500 (i.e., amount deposited per faraday). The coulombic yield is 75 mg per coulomb. Information and speculation on the size and composition of the electroactive species are presented.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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