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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photophysical processes in low-fluence UV laser-material interaction and the relevance to atomic layer processing (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 2 (1993), S. 31-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: Lasers ; Threshold fluence ; Materials ; Metals and ceramics ; Atomic-scale processing ; Species deposition and removal ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Atomic-scale material-processing tools must be developed to allow the in situ synthesis of complex, nanometre-scale, multilayer structures. These processing tools must be cost-effective, extendible to large-area surfaces and adaptable to realistic manufacturing equipment. Presented here are experimental results on the photophysical processes in low-fluence UV laser radiation of surfaces. The results suggest that atomic-level synthesis/modification of materials is possible by the laser-induced desorption by electronic excitation (LIDEE) process. The processing action employs resonance behaviour to gain species selectivity in the products desorbed. It naturally lends itself to automation (pulsed processing) and is designed for manufacturing laser systems currently used in materials processing. In addition, no potential limitations exist on the surface area which can be processed. Presented are the experimental data using crystalline Al and Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8 targets along with supporting results from Ag and W targets. The results are interpreted in the light of photodesorption models which best support the data. As a conclusion we present an outline of how the LIDEE process might be used as a nanometre-scale material-processing tool.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/amo.860020105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters containing different disymmetrical units (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 1843-1851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of dissymetrical units on the properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters based on hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), terephthalate) acid (TPA), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) units was examined. The dissymmetrical units employed included 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene (2,7-DHN),1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene (1,4-DHN), and bromo-hydroquinone (Br-HQ). All of these polymers exhibited turbid melts. The flexible PET units lower the melting and/or stick temperature, and between 10 to 20 mol % is a critical level to achieve values in the range of 250°C or lower. The copolyesters based on 2,7-DHN have the highest glass transition temperatures and maintain stiffness to the highest temperatures. The properties of each series of copolyesters are discussed in terms of the efficiency of molecular packing. The effects of chemical and physical inhomogeneity are emphasized.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410739
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the initial flaw sizes of uPVC pipe materials (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 2223-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501224
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of UV-curable polyurethane acrylates (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 799-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: UV-curable polyurethane (PU) acrylates have been synthesized from polypropylene glycol (PPG), isophoron diisocyanate (IPDI), and three types of reactive diluents, i.e., 2-hydroxyethylacrylate (HEA), tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA), and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The effects of soft segment length, type, and concentration of reactive diluent on the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties have been determined. When the soft segment length was short (750) tensile strength (σb) decreased, and elongation at break (εb) generally increased with increasing HEA concentration, due respectively to the inferior strength of HEA homopolymer, and increased molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc). Initial modulus (E) and σb increase and elongation at break (εb) decreased with the increase of TPGDA concentration, and the effect was more pronounced as the soft segment length decreased. The hardness and σb increase with diluent concentration in PPG 2000-based materials was more pronounced with higher functionality diluent, due to the increased crosslinking density. The lower temperature glass transition peak of PU was not influenced by the TPGDA incorporation, whereas the higher temperature one moved toward still higher temperature. This was interpreted in terms of possible compatibility of hard segments and acrylates due to their similar polarity and hydrogen bonding. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam effects on polymers. III. Mechanical and thermal properties of electron beam-irradiated poly(phenylene sulfide) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1655-1668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the mechanical and thermal properties of initially amorphous and semicrystalline poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) films has been investigated. Irradiations were carried out either in a nitrogen or air atmosphere. Subsequent mechanical testing carried out at 23°C suggested that oxidative degradation occurs in air for high radiation dosages. However, modulus and tensile strength were not greatly affected by irradiation level. Moreover, it was found that elongation by yielding no longer occurs at doses higher than 1000 Mrad for initially amorphous materials and above 500 Mrad for the initially semicrystalline materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements utilized to determine crystallinity and melting behavior suggest the likely occurrence of some crosslinking with high irradiation levels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the irradiated PPS surface suggest the possible occurrence of gas evolution - at least for high dosage levels.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the bulk crystallization rate of polymers (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 695-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Data already existing in the literature for the overall crystallization kinetics of a variety of polymers have been analyzed according to different possible nucleation mechanisms. The conclusions reached are similar to those previously deduced from an examination of ata for spherulite growth rates. It is demonstrated that, if allowed a reasonable choice for the equilibrium melting temperature, no unbiased selection of a unique nucleation process can be made. Moreover, a set of universal parameters exists for each of the nucleation and growth processes considered which allows the data for all polymers to be represented by a single straight line. The only quantities that are unique to a given polymer are the equilibriun melting temperature and the activation energy for transport.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetic study for asymmetric membrane formation via phase-inversion process (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 621-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of membrane formation by phase inversion was studied emphasizing the rate of solvent diffusion from a polymer solution during the phase separation. Diffusional behavior of the solvent can be considered Fickian. Membrane morphologies were shown to be strongly dependent on the rate of solvent diffusion, indicating that mass-transfer rates of solvent and nonsolvent during phase separation are crucial for determining the final membrane structure for the following system: polysulfone (polymer), dimethyl acetamide (solvent), and ethanol (gelation medium). Specific reference to the mechanism of macrovoid formation was explored. Macrovoid formation was found to be proportional to the square root of time, suggesting that it is governed by a diffusion process. In addition, latex particles of coagulated polymer formed by the nucleation and growth of a concentrated polymer phase was observed inside the macrovoids. Such a result implies that the macrovoids grow by a diffusive flow which results from the growth of the polymer lean phase during binodal decomposition. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bonding strength of bonelike apatite layer to Ti metal substrate (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 38 (1997), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: titanium metal ; NaOH treatment ; bioactivity ; apatite ; simulated body fluid ; bonding strength ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Our previous study showed that titanium metal forms a bonelike apatite layer on its surface in simulated body fluid when it was subjected to NaOH and heat treatments to form a sodium titanate hydrogel or amorphous sodium titanate surface layer. In the present study, bonding strength of the apatite layer formed on the titanium metals to the substrates were examined under tensile stress, in comparison with those of the apatite layers formed on Bioglass 45S5-type glass, dense sintered hydroxyapatite, and glass-ceramic A-W, which are already clinically used. The NaOH-treated titanium metals showed higher bonding strength of the apatite layer to the substrates, which was maximized by heat treatments at 500 and 600 °C, than all the examined bioactive ceramics. It is believed that bioactive metals thus obtained are useful as bone substitutes, even under load-bearing conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 38: 121-127, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of CHO cells on phosphated cellulose membranes (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: cell culture ; CHO cells ; cellulose membrane ; phosphorylation ; cell aggregation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Phosphate groups (negatively charged chemical groups) were grafted onto the surface of cellulose membranes by a reaction between hydroxyl groups of cellulose and phosphorus pentoxide to observe the effect of phosphate groups on cellular behavior. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine phosphorylation. Captive bubble contact angle measurement was used to determine surface wettability. XPS was also used to analyze serum protein adsorption. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were maintained in Ham's F-12 nutrient mixture with and without fetal calf serum. Total cell area and shape factor were analyzed using image-analyzing software. Serum proteins showed higher adsorption on phosphated cellulose. Cell spreading on phosphated membranes was greater than on the cellulose membrane that served as control. The cell growth rate was faster compared to the control. Large cell aggregates were not found on the phosphated membranes, in contrast to the control membrane. The cells on the control were aggregated regardless of the existence of divalent cations in the medium. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 401-406, 1998.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the growth rate of spherulites (1968)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 6 (1968), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The spherulitic growth data that exist in the literature for a wide diversity of polymers have been analyzed according to various possible nucleation mechanisms. It is demonstrated that, if allowed a reasonable choice for the equilibrium melting temperature, no unbiased selection of a unique nucleation process can be made. Moreover, a set of universal parameters exists for each of the allowable nucleation processes which enables the data to be represented by a single straight line which encompasses all the polymers. The only quantities specific to a given polymer are the equilibrium melting temperature and the activation energy for transport. The magnitude of the latter quantity is shown to be dependent on the glass temperature of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1968.160060109
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