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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (11)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective surface modification of polymers by means of hydrogen and oxygen plasmasThis is Part XXXVII of the series ESCA Applied to Polymers. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 837-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ESCA investigation has been made of the changes in surface functionalization for a series of polymers effected by means of low-powered inductively coupled rf plasmas excited in hydrogen and oxygen. Reactions in each case are confined to the outermost surfaces of the polymer films and the use of oxygen plasmas leads to extensive oxidative functionalization. Bisphenol-A polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate exhibit similar overall reactivities to both oxygen and hydrogen plasmas, while polystyrene is shown to be substantially more reactive than high-density polyethylene to the plasma treatments of interest in this work. Comparison has been made of the effects of straight hydrogen and oxygen plasmas and of sequential hydrogen/oxygen and oxygen/hydrogen plasma treatments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210319
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fourier transform IR study of the gelation of amylose and amylopectin (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 30 (1990), S. 1183-1189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fourier transform ir spectroscopy has been used to study the gelation and retrogradation of amylose and amylopectin. Results indicate that two processes occur: a fast change complete within 0.5 h shown by both samples and a much slower change that continues up to 400 h seen only for amylopectin. These processes are related to changes in molecular conformation, and are explained in terms of existing models for gelation and retrogradation in amylose and amylopectin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360301304
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of proccessing on flow properties of some linear polyethylene resins (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 547-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in flow properties of polyethylene resins have often been observed during processing operations. Studies in this laboratory show that melt viscosity of polyethylene normally increases when the resin is heated in a compression mold at temperatures below 300°C. At the same time, the solution viscosity actually decreases in some cases. During extrusion, on the other hand, both melt viscosity and solution viscosity are shown to decrease. In addition, the logarithm of melt flow rate is seen to deviate markedly from the expected linear dependence on reciprocal of absolute temperature. The results suggest that both crosslinking and chain-scission reactions occur during processing, the former predominating at low or zero shear, the latter at high shear.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120313
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feasibility of quantitative analysis of metals and alloys by non-resonant multiphoton ionization of sputtered neutral species (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 623-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A system for non-resonant multiphoton ionization (NRMPI) of suttered neutral species has been developed. The instrumentation is based on a Kratos time-of-flight SIMS system with a dual-stage ion reflectron. Ionization of sputtered neutral species is provided by a focused excimer laser beam of wavelength 193 nm.Two basic operational procedures are defined that involve using either a continuous or pulsed primary ion beam for sputtering. The consequences of each mode on the resulting spectrum are considered. Characterization experiments are reported that show the effect of laser flux on the yields of elemental and molecular species, allowing conditions to be selected for subsequent experiments. The laser flux profiles demonstrate that saturation of the ionization process is easily achieved for most species studied. Relative sensitivity factors (RSFs) from elements in standard metal alloy samples are presented that suggest that some effect of matrix is present. However, reproducibility of RSFs between consecutive runs and between the pulsed and continuous modes of bombardment is very good (〈10% and even 〈5% in some cases) for the majority of species. Values for the useful yield and detection limit in NRMPI and SIMS are compared.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740230908
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative surface analysis using electron beam SNMS: Calibrations and applications (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A system of optics for electron impact post-ionization sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS) has been designed and constructed. The design is based on an existing set of ‘Wittmaack-box’-type secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) optics, commercially operational at UMIST. The system operates with ‘state of the art’ efficiency in the SNMS mode (a post-ionization efficiency of 10-3-10-4), without significant degradation of the SIMS operation.The development stages described demonstrate many of the practical problems in the design of an electron beam post-ionizer, involving characterization of the energy analyser used and the conditions from the optics for best secondary ion and residual gas suppression in the SNMS mode.Calibration of the SNMS mode of the system has been undertaken using standardized samples, cross-calibrated by optical emission spectroscopy. (Typical spectra of standard stainless steel and some CuZn and CuAl alloys are presented.) These studies revealed a reproducibility of better than 10% in the relative sensitivity factors, which have been assigned to several elemental species. From these studies, a detection limit of better than 0.01 at.% was obtained for most elemental species under 10 μA Ar+ primary beam bombardment.The effects of surface roughness on the efficiency of sputtered neutral collection are reported. Studies of CuZn alloys have revealed effects on the absolute calibration and on data analysis of multicomponent materials where the individual components have differing sputter yields. This study also revealed SNMS to be a useful tool in the measurement of the sputter yields of composite materials. Studies of InAsxP1-x have been used to demonstrate the linearity of SNMS for quantitative analysis, as well as revealing the homogeneity of the layers analysed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740140617
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, homopolymerization, and copolymerization studies of N-vinyl-5-decyl-2-oxazolidone (1971)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 9 (1971), S. 2727-2732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1971.150090925
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  • 7
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    Polar and Non-Polar Layers on Mars: A Single Mechanism for Formation? (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The recent discovery of vast quantities of near-subsurface ice in both polar regions of Mars by the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) has presented us with an interesting quandary. On one hand, these deposits, found poleward of 60 deg in both hemispheres, are consistent with thermal models suggesting ice will be best protected in these regions during periods of high obliquity. On the other hand, the current paradigm regarding the placement of these deposits, i.e., diffusive deposition of water vapor, appears to be inconsistent with the large volume mixing ratios (approx. 90%) inferred from the GRS data. This incongruity argues that diffusion alone cannot be the primary mechanism for the creation of these reservoirs, and that an alternate, large-scale process should be considered.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Third International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration; LPI-Contrib-1184
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    The Polar Regions and Martian Climate: Studies with a Global Climate Model (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Much of the interest in the polar regions centers on the fact that they likely contain the best record of Martian climate change on time scales from years to eons. This expectation is based upon the observed occurrence of weathering product deposits and volatile reservoirs that are coupled to the climate. Interpretation and understanding of these records requires understanding of the mechanisms that involve the exchange of dust, water, and carbon dioxide between the surface and atmosphere, and the atmospheric redistribution of these species. We will summarize our use of the GFDL Mars general circulation model (MGCM), to exploration aspects of the interaction between the global climate and the polar regions. For example, our studies have shown that while the northern polar cap is the dominant seasonal source for water, it can act as a net annual source or sink for water, depending upon the cap temperatures and the bulk humidity of the atmosphere. This behavior regulates the annual and global average humidity of the atmosphere, as the cap acts as a sink if the atmosphere is too wet and a source if it is too dry. We will then focus our presentation on the ability of the MGCM to simulate the observed diurnal variations of surface temperature. We are particularly interested in assessing the influence of dust aerosol and water ice clouds on simulated surface temperature and the comparison with observations. Surface thermal inertia and albedo are critical boundary inputs for MGCM simulations. Thermal inertia is also of intrinsic interest as it may be related to properties of the surface such as particle size and surface character.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Third International Conference on Mars Polar Science and Exploration; LPI-Contrib-1184
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    The Effects of Atmospheric Opacity on the Seasonal Variation of Martian Surface Temperature (2005)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The daily and seasonal variation of surface temperature is a central element in the description of martian climate. Surface thermal inertia and albedo are critical boundary inputs for simulating surface temperature in Mars general circulation models (MGCMs). Thermal inertia (TI) is also of intrinsic interest as it may be related to regolith properties such as particle size and surface character and so high spatial resolution is desirable. The recent mapping of TI at very high (0.25 deg) spatial resolution was achieved by fitting a thermal model to surface temperature observations obtained over a broad range of several martian years. However, varying atmospheric opacity (dust and water ice clouds) can significantly influence the estimated TI field and this effect was not fully compensated for. Opacity leads to an increase in morning temperature and a decrease in afternoon temperature, thus increasing the apparent thermal inertia.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 21; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-21
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Daily to interannual variability in Mars' surfare pressure (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: American Geophysical Union Annual Fall Meeting; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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