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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (19)
  • Groundwater  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Organic compounds ; Groundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In situ microcosms were successfully used to study the degradation of a range of organic compounds in two pristine aquifers, one aerobic (Vejen) and one anaerobic (Villa Farm). Degradation and sorption behavior in the laboratory column microcosms packed with Villa Farm sediment was very similar to that in the in situ microcosms. However, when the columns were packed with quartz and equilibrated with aerated Villa Farm groundwater, behavior mirrored that at Vejen, indicating that oxygen rather than sediment or groundwater composition was the critical parameter. The aromatic and polyaromatic compounds (benzene, toluene,o-xylene, naphthalene) degraded under aerobic conditions only. The organochlorine compounds (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene) showed little or no sign of degradation either aerobically or anaerobically. Interpretation of the data was complicated by strong sorption to the Villa Farm sediment but tetrachloromethane, nitrobenzene, ando-nitrophenol appeared to degrade under anaerobic conditions only. Phenol degraded rapidly under both sets of conditions.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words: Organic compounds ; Groundwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract . In situ microcosms were successfully used to study the degradation of a range of organic compounds in two pristine aquifers, one aerobic (Vejen) and one anaerobic (Villa Farm). Degradation and sorption behaviour in the laboratory column microcosms packed with Villa Farm sediment was very similar to that in the in situ microcosms. However, when the columns were packed with quartz and equilibrated with aerated Villa Farm groundwater, behaviour mirrored that at Vejen, indicating that oxygen rather than sediment or groundwater composition was the critical parameter. The aromatic and polyaromatic compounds (benzene, toluene, o-xylene, naphtalene) degraded under aerobic conditions only. The organochlorine compounds (trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene) showed little or no sign of degradation either aerobically or anaerobically. Interpretation of the data was complicated by strong sorption to the Villa Farm sediment but tetrachloromethane, nitrobenzene, and o-nitrophenol appeared to degrade under anaerobic conditions only. Phenol degraded rapidly under both sets of conditions.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3591-3595 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oligomers are potentially useful as well characterized models for studying the chemical and physical properties of their long chain homologues. These model compounds are often available only as mixtures which must be separated. This separation may be accomplished using chromatographic techniques, i.e., GPC. Polydispersity (Mw/Mn) is often used as a criteria for the extent to which separation has been achieved. Values of polydispersity of 1.01-1.03 are considered indicative of very narrow fractions in the high polymer area. A purpose of this paper is to show that such low values of polydispersity are misleading when applied to oligomers containing 2-20 repeat units. Further, the existence of a single “sharp” melting endotherm is not necessarily proof that one has separated out a single molecular weight component. An intimate mixture of different molecular weight oligomers can give a single narrow endotherm.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 899-905 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are many methods currently producing high modulus and high strength films and fibers in industry. This publication examines the results of a hot nip drawing process to produce high modulus PP films at a relatively rapid production rate. The effects of both temperature and rate of draw on the drawn material will also be examined.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 24 (1986), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 24 (1986), S. 633-655 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new theoretical model for the description of small-angle x-ray scattering from oriented polymer systems is developed and intensity functions are derived. The scattering system considered can be represented by a set of stacks of approximately parallel lamellae where the stack dimensions are assumed large in comparison with correlation distances within the stacks. Each point within the sample is envisioned as being surrounded by such a domain, so the theory is based on a concept of continuously varying local conditions. Fluctuations in the local lamellar distribution parameters are taken into account through a gross disorder parameter which specifies a spread in the local mean long periods. In addition, a long-range disorder parameter has been included as a measure of the randomness of the actual amorphous layer spacings about the local mean lamellar spacing within each lamellar stack. Important characteristics of the diffraction curves such as the peak positions, heights, and widths; the number of observable orders; and the higher-angle behavior allow one to obtain the mean lamellar spacing, the fluctuation parameters, and the effective widths of the refractive index perturbations associated with the amorphous regions. The number of lamellae that scatter x-rays coherently can be predicted with ease. We show that geometric corrections are negligible for oriented samples. In addition, the Lorentz correction is shown to be unnecessary in all cases. We have measured diffraction patterns for polyethylene (PE) precipitated from solution using a Kratky system. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results on PE 87 and PE 91 is achieved for three-parameter fits. Finally, we have considered non-Gaussian distributions of the local mean long periods, with excellent results being generated for a slightly positively skewed three-Gaussian distribution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2955-2958 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The drawing of polymers into high strength films or tapes is an important process in industry. A method of local heating and drawing of plastic sheets into high strength films is discussed, and the preliminary results of this new technology are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 3603-3606 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1647-1654 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The infrared spectra of polyethylene single crystals suspended in liquid are reported and compared to dried mats of the same material. In order to observe the polyethylene bands, liquids with partial windows in complementary regions of the spectra were chosen. Any remaining bands of the suspending media were removed by substraction of the spectrum of the pure liquid. The crystalline bands of suspended polyethylene are much sharper than those of the dried material, indicating a decrease in lateral crystalline order upon drying. Drying also results in a change in the type and distribution of conformations associated with amorphous and fold structures, as determined by the observed frequencies of the methylene wagging mode.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 16 (1978), S. 1253-1260 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A complex fine structure in the C—H stretching region of the infrared spectrum of deformed polyethylene single crystals is reported. The deformed crystals are shown to be transformed from the orthorhombic crystal form to a monoclinic structure. The previously deduced C2/m monoclinic structure does not account for the appearance of the new bands. An alternative but similar monoclinic structure is proposed. The symmetry of this structure is consistent with the Fermi resonance interactions required for the observation of these bands.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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