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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Aerospace Medicine  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Hochdruckphasengleichgewicht im System Ethylen + Vinylacetat + (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-CopolymereHerrn Professor Dr. habil. Joachim Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 35 (1984), S. 498-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: High pressure phase equilibrium calculations are performed with 5 (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymers of different vinylacetate content (8 to 42% VA). Miscibility gaps occur in the pressure range from 40 to 140 MPa. Measured pressure cloudpoints of a copolymer are compared with the calculated results. Investigations with inverse gas-liquid-chromatography provide thermodynamic data of the binary system vinylacetate + (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymer. The presented results show for the first time a complete picture about the demixing behaviour in this ternary system, where the monomer-mixturelines in the supercritical range. The miscibility gap is predominantly caused by the vinylacetate content of the copolymers. The influence of the distribution of molecular weight is clearly deminished in comparison to the binary system ethylene + (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymer.
    Notes: Berechnungen zum Hochdruckphasengleichgewicht mit fünf (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymeren verschiedenen Vinylacetatgehaltes (8 bis 42% VA) werden durchgeführt. Die Mischungslücken im Druckbereich von 40 bis 140 MPa werden angegeben. Einige experimentelle Trübungsdrücke für ein Copolymer werden ermittelt und mit den Berechnungsergebnissen verglichen. Untersuchungen mit inverser Gaschromatographie dienen der Gewinnung thermodynamischer Daten für das binäre Teilsystem Vinylacetat + (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymer. Die vorgelegten Ergebnisse liefern erstmalig ein geschlossenes Bild über das Phasenverhalten im ternären System, wobei die Mischung der Monomere überkritisch vorliegt. Der wesentliche Einflußfaktor auf die Entmischung ist durch den Vinylacetatgehalt des Copolymers gegeben. Der Einfluß der Molmassenverteilung wird gegenüber dem Teilsystem Ethylen + (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymer deutlich verringert.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1984.010350705
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Hochdruckphasengleichgewicht in Mischungen aus Ethylen und (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymeren. Teil III. Der Einfluß der MolmassenverteilungTeile I und II: Acta Polymerica 33 (1982) 463 und 478 (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 34 (1983), S. 340-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In addition to the dependence on temperature and vinylacetate content of the copolymers, the molar mass distribution of the copolymers shows a significant influence on the high pressure phase equilibrium in the mixtures. This is demonstrated by experimental pressure-cloudpoint curves. The coexistence data are calculated with 5 different fractions of a copolymer with 33% vinylacetate content and reflect the experimental results precisely. Model calculations by a classical discontinuous calculation procedure allow the prediction of coexistence curves without additional molar mass-dependence of the model parameters. Further results are provided for the solubilities of the components in the pressure range of 30 to 100 MPa.
    Notes: Neben der Temperatur und dem Vinylacetatgehalt des Copolymers übt die Molmassenverteilung des Copolymers einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Lage des Hochdruckphasengleichgewichtes aus, was durch Trübungsdruckmessungen experimentell gezeigt wird. Die Berechnungen zu Koexistenzdaten für 5 verschiedene Fraktionen eines (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymers mit ca. 33% Vinylacetatgehalt spiegeln die experimentellen Verhältnisse wider. Die Modellrechnungen mit einem klassisch diskontinuierlichen Berechnungsverfahren ermöglichen die Vorausberechnung der Koexistenzdaten ohne zusätzliche Molmassenabhängigkeit der Modellparameter. Weiterhin werden Ergebnisse zur gegenseitigen Löslichkeit im Druckbereich von 30 bis 100 MPa mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1983.010340607
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Hochdruckphasengleichgewicht in Mischungen aus Ethylen und (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymeren. Teil II. Der TemperatureinflußTeil I: siehe [4] (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 33 (1982), S. 468-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In addition to the predominant dependence on vinylacetate content of the copolymers, temperature shows a significant influence on the high pressure phase equilibrium in the mixtures. That is demonstrated by experimental cloudpoint curves (pressure). In comparison with them coexistence data are calculated for 5 different samples of (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymers and the temperature dependence of all model parameters is investigated and correlated.
    Notes: Nach dem Vinylacetatgehalt der Copolymere übt die Temperatur einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Lage des Hochdruckphasengleichgewichtes aus, der durch Trübungsdruckmessungen ermittelt werden kann. In Übereinstimmung damit erfolgen Berechnungen zu Koexistenzdaten für 5 verschiedene Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymere, wobei die Temperaturabhängigkeit aller Modellparameter untersucht und korreliert wird.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1982.010330805
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen Zum Hochdruckphasengleichgewicht in Mischungen aus Ethylen und (ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymeren. Teil I. Zur Abhängigkeit vom Vinylacetatgehalt des Copolymers (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 33 (1982), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Optimizing the equipment for producing high pressure (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymers requires data and models for the phase equilibrium conditions at high pressure. Information on the system ethylene + (ethylene-vinylacetate)-copolymer is important for this purpose. Experimental results (cloud-point curves) and model calculations (coexistencecurves) are presented with particular attention to the dependence on vinylacetate content of copolymers.
    Notes: Die Optimierung des technischen Hochdruckverfahrens zur Herstellung von (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymeren erfordert Daten und Modelle des Hochdruckphasengleichgewichtes. Insbesondere interessieren Informationen über das Teilsystem Ethylen + (Ethylen-Vinylacetat)-Copolymere, die aus experimentellen Untersuchungen von Trübungsdruckkurven und aus Ergebnissen von Modellrechnungen zu Koexistenzdaten gewonnen werden. Dabei wird der Abhängigkeit vom Vinylacetatgehalt des Copolymers besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1982.010330804
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  • 5
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    Oxygen transport and cardiovascular function at extreme altitude: lessons from Operation Everest II (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Operation Everest II was designed to examine the physiological responses to gradual decompression simulating an ascent of Mt Everest (8,848 m) to an inspired PO2 of 43 mmHg. The principal studies conducted were cardiovascular, respiratory, muscular-skeletal and metabolic responses to exercise. Eight healthy males aged 21-31 years began the "ascent" and six successfully reached the "summit", where their resting arterial blood gases were PO2 = 30 mmHg and PCO2 = 11 mmHg, pH = 7.56. Their maximal oxygen uptake decreased from 3.98 +/- 0.2 L/min at sea level to 1.17 +/- 0.08 L/min at PIO2 43 mmHg. The principal factors responsible for oxygen transport from the atmosphere to tissues were (1) Alveolar ventilation--a four fold increase. (2) Diffusion from the alveolus to end capillary blood--unchanged. (3) Cardiac function (assessed by hemodynamics, echocardiography and electrocardiography)--normal--although maximum cardiac output and heart rate were reduced. (4) Oxygen extraction--maximal with PvO2 14.8 +/- 1 mmHg. With increasing altitude maximal blood and muscle lactate progressively declined although at any submaximal intensity blood and muscle lactate was higher at higher altitudes.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: International journal of sports medicine (ISSN 0172-4622); Volume 13 Suppl 1; S13-8
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Pulmonary gas exchange (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine (ISSN 1073-449X); Volume 157; 4 Pt 2; S82-7
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Effects of inspired CO2, hyperventilation, and time on VA/Q inequality in the dog (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In a recent study by Tsukimoto et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 68: 2488-2493, 1990), CO2 inhalation appeared to reduce the size of the high ventilation-perfusion ratio (VA/Q) mode commonly observed in anesthetized mechanically air-ventilated dogs. In that study, large tidal volumes (VT) were used during CO2 inhalation to preserve normocapnia. To separate the influences of CO2 and high VT on the VA/Q distribution in the present study, we examined the effect of inspired CO2 on the high VA/Q mode using eight mechanically ventilated dogs (4 given CO2, 4 controls). The VA/Q distribution was measured first with normal VT and then with increased VT. In the CO2 group at high VT, data were collected before, during, and after CO2 inhalation. With normal VT, there was no difference in the size of the high VA/Q mode between groups [10.5 +/- 3.5% (SE) of ventilation in the CO2 group, 11.8 +/- 5.2% in the control group]. Unexpectedly, the size of the high VA/Q mode decreased similarly in both groups over time, independently of the inspired PCO2, at a rate similar to the fall in cardiac output over time. The reduction in the high VA/Q mode together with a simultaneous increase in alveolar dead space (estimated by the difference between inert gas dead space and Fowler dead space) suggests that poorly perfused high VA/Q areas became unperfused over time. A possible mechanism is that elevated alveolar pressure and decreased cardiac output eliminate blood flow from corner vessels in nondependent high VA/Q regions.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) (ISSN 8750-7587); 72; 3; 1057-63
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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