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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers from vinyl fluorideThis paper was presented at the Symposium on New Products and Applications for Fluorine-Containing Materials before the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry at the 136th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, September, 1959. Contribution No. 546 from the Central Research Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware. (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 4 (1960), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The free-radical polymerization of vinyl fluoride has been studied with the use of organic peroxide and azo initiators over the temperature range of 60-150°C. and at pressures of 75-1000 atm. Molecular weights of the polymers by osmotic pressure or radiotracer techniques were found to vary over the range of 45,000 to 180,000 depending on polymerization conditions employed. Stabilized high molecular weight polyvinyl fluoride may be compression-molded into tough, high-impact strength bars, or the unstabilized material may be cast into films from solvents such as dimethylformamide. The films, which may be cold drawn, are tough, brilliantly clear, and have tensile strengths near 8000 lb./in.2 They are also extremely resistant to weathering, maintaining clarity and cold drawability even after ten years' exposure in Florida.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070041008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(oxatetramethylene) glycol. I. Influence of water on polymerization catalysis (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was polymerized with cocatalysts of ethylene oxide (EO) and BF3, using THF as the solvent. The yield of polymer, based on the amount of catalyst, was very low. With water present (0.5 mole per mole of BF3 and EO) the yield increased fourfold. Polymerization was stopped by the addition of a large amount of water; the addition of water also provided the polymer with terminal hydroxyl groups. The polymer had a molecular weight of 1000 and was a clear, colorless, viscous liquid.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(oxatetramethylene) glycol. II. Molecular weight distribution (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 467-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer of 1200 molecular weight was prepared from tetrahydrofuran by using a catalyst mixture of ethylene oxide, BF3, and water. Fractionation was accomplished by washing a cyclohexane-toluene solution with mixtures of methanol and water. Results, plotted on Poisson probability paper, showed that the distribution is somewhat broader than the Poisson.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electrochemistry of hydrogen peroxide on evaporated gold/palladium composite electrodes. Manufacture and electrochemical characterization (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 520-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide ; Palladium ; Thin-film ; Electrocatalysis ; Sensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thin-film composite metal electrode is described for the amperometric measurement of hydrogen peroxide. By thermally evaporating a 27 μM layer of gold/palladium through a copper mask onto a plastic substrate a number of chemically equivalent sensing elements can be prepared. On these electrodes, hydrogen peroxide can be oxidized at a voltage of 0.4V (SCE). A model for the oxidation of peroxide at these electrodes is described based upon reversible binding of hydrogen peroxide to electrochemically generated palladium oxide sites.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070603
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic effects of salts on vinyl polymerization in non-aqueous systems (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 29 (1958), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of vinyl monomers in non-aqueous solvents, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, is influenced by a variety of inorganic salts, and both the cationic and anionic components of the salt may be active in this respect. Cations derived from metals possessing several valency states may terminate the kinetic chains by a one-electron transfer process, e.g., with styrene The kinetics of the polymerization of several monomers in the presence of ferric chloride have been worked out, and the absolute rate constants for the termination reactions calculated. Their magnitude is briefly discussed in terms of the structure of the radicals. It is pointed out that these reactions provide a very useful method of determining rates of initiation. Even cations such as lithium, which have only a single valency state, may have an effect on the kinetics of polymerization, for example in the case of acrylonitrile. This arises from association between the metal ions and the radicals which modifies the reactivity of the latter. The associated anions may also interact with radicals in a similar manner. This effect is particularly marked with chloride ions and acrylonitrile, and leads to an increase in the rate of propagation and chain transfer with electron accepting reagents such as carbon tetrabromide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1202912003
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the γ-radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 57 (1962), S. 867-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Studies of the rates of γ-radiation-initiated polymerization of ethylene in the gas phase at 22°C., 40-70 atm. and 380,000 r/hr. have shown that the rate expressions show a good correlation with the relations expected from kinetic considerations if the density is used to express the ethylene concentrations. In this range of temperature and pressure, the density, pressure, and fugacity relations for ethylene differ significantly from those at the elevated pressures which have been used in previous rate studies. Use of fugacities in the rate expression log (rate) = a + b log x, where x = p, f, or d, gives a value of 10.4 for the b term; use of pressure gives a value of 5.0; and use of density gives a value of 2.4. This last value is closest to that predicted (2.0) from a kinetic analysis which takes into consideration an initiation step dependent on monomer concentration and termination by primary radicals. Studies of the liquid-phase polymerization over the temperature range of 5 to -40°C. give an activation energy of 4.4 ± 1.8/kcal./mole. Infrared analysis of the product indicates that short-chain branching is much less (0-1.2 vs. 2-3 branches per 100 carbon atoms) than for polyethylenes prepared at higher temperatures. Relations between solution and melt viscosities indicate a high degree of long-chain branching in the polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205716568
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of cobalt complexes as activators in emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and styrene (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cobalt complex compounds exhibited varying degrees of activation and retardation in butadiene-styrene-soap emulsion polymerization systems at 20-50°C. An accompanying effect was the wasting of modifier, particularly by large concentrations of activator. The most active complexes for use with dodecyl mercaptan were those in which the cobalt was coordinated with two or more negative groups other than thiocyanate, and in which the neutral coordinated groups were not ethylenediamine.
    Additional Material: 17 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain transfer to a mixture of agents: The anomalous behavior of the acrylonitrile-dimethylformamide-water system (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 39 (1959), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method is described for determining the velocity constant for chain transfer in a vinyl polymerization to a relatively weak transfer agent which occupies a significant volume fraction of the reaction mixture. The method is particularly useful for cases in which precipitation of the polymer by the transfer agent would occur in the absence of an additional solvent. Some results for the acrylonitrile-dimethylformamide-water system are given, and the observed anomalous chain transfer behavior is interpreted in terms of the formation of a hydrate of dimethylformamide which is believed to be inert with respect to growing acrylonitrile radicals.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203913507
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of thin film oxides of cobalt and molybdenum (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface oxidation reactions of cobalt, molybdenum and mixed cobalt-molybdenum metals have been investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxide stoichiometries have been determined from XPS intensity measurements. Such quantification has been important in identifying oxide compositions with characteristic XPS spectra. A number of discrete binary molybdenum oxides have been characterized after reactions at 200°C and pressures ranging from 1 atm to 10-6 Pa. At the lowest pressure, the Mo 3d spectra and O/Mo ratios suggest the formation of a molybdenum-oxygen structure with a stoichiometry near unity. By contrast, at higher pressures, oxides that are predominantly MoO2 and MoO3 appear, but other intermediate oxide structures are also identified. Well-defined binary oxides of cobalt can be prepared from cobalt metal after heating in oxygen at different pressures. New binary oxides of cobalt and molybdenum have been generated by the reaction on MoO3 or Co3O4 substrates. Oxidation of a thin film of molybdenum on a Co3O4 substrate has been shown to produce a nearly stoichiometric surface layer of CoMoO4. The procedure could be useful for the production of other ternary oxides of possible interest for use as XPS reference materials.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740150406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-methyl-substituted aromatic polyamidesPaper presented in part at the 28th Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, October 1976. (1980)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1047-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of N-methyl-substituted aromatic polyamides derived from the secondary aromatic diamines 4,4′-bis(methylamino)diphenylmethane, 3,3′-bis(methylamino)diphenylmethane, 4,4′-bis(methylamino)benzophenone or 3,3′-bis(methylamino)benzophenone and isophthaloyl dichloride, and terephthaloyl dichloride or 3,3′-diphenylmethane dicarboxylic acid dichloride was prepared by high-temperature solution polymerization in s-tetrachloroethane. Compared with analogous unsubstituted and partly N-methylated aromatic polyamides, the full N-methylated polyamides exhibited significantly lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), reduced crystallinity, improved thermal stability, and good solubility in chlorinated solvents.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1980.170180323
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