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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (19)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (19)
  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 135 (1985), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine Probe von mit Ethylcarbonatgruppen teilweise modifiziertem Dextran wurde kreuz-fraktioniert. Auf der Basis von Trübungspunkt-Messungen wurden zwei Systeme gewählt: THF/Hexan und DMF/0,5 proz. wässerige NaCl-Lösungen. Die chemische Zusammensetzung (CCD) und die Molekulargewichtsverteilung (MWD) wurden den Fraktionierungsdaten entnommen. Die beobachtete chemische Heterogenität kann mit der Art des Reaktionsmechanismus von Dextran und Ethylchlorformiat korreliert werden. Die kumulativen Fraktionierungsdaten wurden nach den Zwei-Parameter-Funktionen von Tung und Wesslau angepasst.
    Notes: A sample of a partially modified dextran with ethyl carbonate groups was fractionated by cross-fractionation. Two systems THF/hexane and DMF/0.5% aqueous NaCl were selected on the basis of cloud-point determinations. The chemical composition distribution (CCD) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) curves were constructed from fractionation data. The chemical heterogeneity observed may be correlated with the pattern of reaction of dextran with ethyl chloroformate. The cumulative data were fitted by the two-parameter MWD functions of Tung and of Wesslau.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 143 (1986), S. 101-113 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Modifizierung von Polyvinylalkohol mit Diketen, unter Verwendung von tert. Aminen als Katalysatoren, wurde untersucht. Die Struktur der erhaltenen Polymeren wurde durch IR-, 1H-, 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und chemische Analyse bestimmt. Es wurden Vinylalkohol-Vinylacetoacetat-Copolymere erhalten. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit war jeweils linear abhängig von der Konzentration an Polymerem, Diketen und Pyridin. Die Aktivierungsenergie wurde zu 35,5 kJ/mol (8,5 kcal/mol) bestimmt. Die 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde benutzt, um die Sequenzverteilung in den Copolymeren zu bestimmen; dabei ergab sich eine gewisse Tendenz zur Alternierung von VAL- und VAA-Einheiten in der Polymerkette. Polymere Chelate der Copolymeren mit Kupfer-II-Ionen wurden hergestellt; dabei zeigte sich, daß nicht alle β-Ketoestergruppen an der Komplexbildung beteiligt sind.
    Notes: A study has been made on the modification of poly (vinyl alcohol) with diketene using tertiary amines as catalysts. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetoacetate (VAL-VAA) copolymers were obtained. It has been found a linear dependence of reaction rate on polymer, diketene and pyridine concentrations, respectively. The activation energy was found to be 35.5 kJ/mol (8.5 kcal/mol). 13C-NMR spectroscopy was used for the determination of the sequence distribution in VAL-VAA copolymers. The obtained results show that VAA units have a little alternating tendency in the copolymer chain. Polymeric chelates between VAL-VAA copolymers and cupric ions have been prepared. It is noteworthy that not all the β-keto ester groups in the VAL-VAA copolymers participate in binding cupric ions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diese Untersuchung befaßt sich mit einigen kinetischen Merkmalen der Reaktion von n-Butylisocyanat mit Polyvinylalkohol ohne jeden Katalysator und unter Verwendung von Triethylendiamin als Katalysator. Die Struktur der resultierenden Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR-, 1H-, und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und chemischer Analyse ermittelt. Es wurden Vinylalkohol-Vinylbutylurethancopolymere (VAL-VBU) erhalten. Es ergab sich eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Polymer-, n-Butylisocyanat- und Triethylendiaminkonzentration. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante nimmt mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit ab. Das kann mit der sterischen Hinderung durch die Urethangruppen, die entlang der Polymerkette eingebaut sind, erklärt werden. Die Aktivierungsenergie ergab sich zu 49,9 kJ/mol. Eine kinetische Untersuchung der homogenen Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren wurde durchgefilhrt als Funktion der Basenkonzentration, der Temperatur und des VBU Gehalts. Es zeigte sich, daß die homogene Hydrolyse als Reaktion 1 . Ordnung verliluft, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Hydroxylionen als auch auf den VBU-Gehalt. Die Aktivierungsenergie filr die basenkatalysierte Hydrolyse betragt 79,3 kJ/mol. Die heterogene Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren im basischen Medium zeigte, daß keine Hydrolyse unter diesen Bedingungen stattfand.
    Notes: This study is concerned with some kinetic features of the reaction of n-butyl isocyanate with poly(vinyl alcohol) without any catalyst and using triethylene diamine as catalyst. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Vinyl alcohol-vinyl butyl urethane (VAL-VBU) copolymers were obtained. It has been found a linear dependence of reaction rate on polymer, n-butyl isocyanate, and triethylene diamine concentrations. Reaction rate constant decreases as reaction time increases. It can be explained by steric hindrance phenomena due to urethane groups incorporated along the polymeric chain. The activation energy was found to be 49.9 kJ/mol. A kinetic study of the homogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers has been made as a function of the base concentration, the temperature, and the VBU content. The homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be first order with respect to both hydroxyl ion and VBU contents. The activation energy for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be 79.3 kJ/mol. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers in basic medium showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 149 (1987), S. 197-200 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The advantageous use of a polymer protected reagent -AlPO4 as a mild catalyst for esterification was studied.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 168 (1989), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinylakohol/Vinylpropionat (VAL/VP)-Copolymere mit unterschiedlicher Mikrostruktur wurden durch zwei verschiedene Methoden, nämlich partielle alkalische Hydrolyse von Polyvinylpropionat und partielle Veresterung von Polyvinylalkohol, hergestellt. 13C-NMR Messungen zeigen, daß die Vinylpropionateinheiten in durch Veresterung hergestellten VAL/VP-Copolymeren eine alternierende Tendenz aufweisen, während solche in durch Hydrolyse hergestellten Copolymeren eine Blockverteilung besitzen. Die Wasserabsorptions-Charakteristik der VAL/VP-Copolymeren wurde ebenfalls untersucht. VAL/VP-Copolymere mit Blocksequenz-Verteilung zeigen eine größere Fähigkeit, Wasser zu absorbieren, als VAL/VP-Copolymeren mit einer statistischen Verteilung und gleicher chemischer Zusammensetzung. Die Bildung von intramolekularen Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen oder Effekte sterischer Hinderung können für dieses Verhalten verantwortlich sein. Versuche mit Natriumsalicylat zeigen, daß die Freisetzung von Salicylat aus durch Hydrolyse hergestellten VAL/VP-Copolymeren aufgrund ihrer höheren Quellfähigkeit in Wasser schneller erfolgt.
    Notes: Vinyl alcohol/vinyl propionate (VAL/VP) copolymers with different microstructure were prepared by two different methods, i.e. partial alkaline hydrolysis of poly(vinyl propionate) and by partial esterification of poly(vinyl alcohol). 13C-NMR results show that vinyl propionate units have an alternating tendency in VAL/VP copolymers prepared by esterification and a block distribution in VAL/VP copolymers when they are prepared by hydrolysis. The water absorption characteristics of VAP/VP copolymers have been studied. VAL/VP copolymers with a block sequence distribution exhibit a higher water absorption ability as compared with VAP/VP copolymers with a random sequence distribution and similar chemical composition. These results can be interpreted considering the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bondings as well as due also to steric hindrances effects. Sodium salicylate release studies from VAL/VP copolymers show that release is faster in VAL/VP copolymers prepared by hydrolysis according to its higher swelling ability in water.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 1 (1989), S. 279-282 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Polarographic behavior of indomethacin has been studied with the aim of developing a procedure for its determination in pharmaceutical tablets. In the study of the electrode process, linear-sweep voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry were also considered. The electrode reactions are shown to be strongly affected by variations in pH. Adsorption phenomena appear at certain pH values. Detection limits and sensitivity in the determination of indomethacin were obtained by using tast polarography (TP), differential pulse polarography (DPP), and pseudoderivative pulse polarography (NPP).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 10 (1989), S. 431-433 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 186 (1985), S. 2117-2123 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This study is concerned with the sodium salicylate release from thin discs of vinyl alcohol/n-alkyl vinyl carbonate copolymers into an aqueous medium under sink conditions. The drug content of the disc decreases with pseudo-first order rate initially, whereas the drug quantity released is proportional to the square root of time. Data analysis supported the latter treatment, which is in agreement with the diffusional matrix model and invalidates the pseudo-first order assumption. The diffusion coefficient D of vinyl alcohol/ethyl vinyl carbonate copolymers decreases with increasing ethyl vinyl carbonate content whilst D increases as both sodium salicylate concentration and temperature increase. The activation energy of diffusion was found to be 46,03 kJ/mol (11,00 kcal/mol).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 2591-2598 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This work deals with the modification reaction of amylose with diketene using tertiary amines as catalysts. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on polymer, diketene and pyridine concentrations was found. The activation energy was found to be 27,2 kJ/mol (6,5 kcal/mol). Polymeric chelates between partially modified amylose and cupric ions (Cu2+) were prepared. However, not all of the β-keto ester groups in the partially modified amylose participate in binding the cupric ions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 188 (1987), S. 2831-2838 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The modification reaction of dextran with butyl isocyanate using 1,4-diaza[2.2.2]bicyclooctane as catalyst was studied. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. A linear dependence of the reaction rate on the concentrations of polymer, butyl isocyanate and catalyst was found. The activation energy was found to be 38,5 kJ/mol (9,2 kcal/mol). The homogeneous hydrolysis in alkaline medium was found to be first order with respect to both the base and the butyl urethane concentrations. The activation energy, obtained for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis, was 83,7 kJ/mol (20,0 kcal/mol). The heterogeneous hydrolysis of a water insoluble modified dextran (degree of substitution = 0,72) showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the applied conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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