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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (46)
  • Physics  (10)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (46)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (22)
  • 1970-1974  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystal elastomers: Synthesis and characterization (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 1455-1472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis is described of some acrylate based polymers containing both a mesogenic group (4-cyanophenyl benzoate) connected to the polymer backbone by a flexible spacer, and varying degrees of crosslinking, introduced by copolymerization. Optical and calorimetric techniques are used to determine the phase behavior, which is found to depend strongly on the crosslink density (and the flexible spacer length); though (nominally) a relatively high degree of crosslinking is possible without completely destroying the liquid crystal phase. Mechanical measurements in conjunction with supplementary analytical data, where available, are used to determine the efficiency of copolymerization at introducing intermolecular crosslinking. Some possible explanations for the unexpectedly low efficiency of this process are discussed. The properties of materials prepared in this fashion are compared briefly with some examples where crosslinking is introduced after polymerization; this latter process is seen to be rather more efficient.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280613
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a thermally imidized soluble polyimide film (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 3107-3122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A soluble aromatic poly (amic acid) film was converted to a soluble polyimide by staging at 25°C intervals to 325°C and characterized at each interval by several analytical methods. The behavior observed was consistent with an interpretation that a reduction occurred in molecular weight of the poly (amic acid) during the initial stages of cure before the ultimate molecular weight was achieved as a polyimide. This interpretation was supported by the results of solution viscosity, gel permeation chromatography, low angle laser light scattering photometry, and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The results of this study serve to increase our fundamental understanding of how polyimides are thermally formed from poly (amic acid)s.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of alkylthio-substituted aromatic diamines as curatives for polyurethane cast elastomers (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 3701-3724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of alkylthio-substituted aromatic diamines was synthesized using a convenient high yield procedure. The method consisted of heating a mixture of dialkyl disulfide and aromatic diamine in the presence of cuprous iodide or other Lewis acid catalyst. Dialkyl disulfide was continually replenished as consumed, throughout the reaction, to maintain the desired reaction temperature. Compounds so prepared were isolated by first precipitating the catalyst with solid caustic and then vacuum flashing the crude products. When desired, the final product purity could be increased by washing with acid to remove starting material or reaction intermediates. The final products were often liquids or low melting solids and showed utility as curatives for polyurethane cast elastomers. Alkylthio substitution of the aromatic diamines lowered reactivity toward isocyanates and generally provided for facile processing during molding. The series of derivatives allowed for great flexibility in controlling both diamine reactivity and the physical properties of the final elastomers. These benefits arose from the diverse electronic, steric and isomeric properties of the derivatives. Polymers were prepared from the alkylthio-substituted compounds and commercially available TDI-based prepolymers using conventional cast elastomer techniques. The physical properties of the polymers were determined and their relation to alkylthiodiamine structure examined.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of poly(alkyl vinyl ether-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) diblock copolymers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 1709-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: poly(methyl vinyl ether); poly(butyl vinyl ether) ; poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) ; block copolymers ; living cationic polymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the synthesis of well-defined poly(alkyl vinyl ether-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) diblock copolymers with hydrolytically stable block linkages has been developed. Monofunctional poly(alkyl vinyl ether) oligomers with nearly Poisson molecular weight distributions were prepared via a living cationic polymerization method using chloroethyl vinyl ether together with HI/ZnI2 as the initiating system and lithium borohydride as the termination reagent. Using the resultant chloroethyl ether functional oligomers in combination with sodium iodide as macroinitiators, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline was polymerized in chlorobenzene/NMP to afford diblock copolymers. A series of poly(methyl vinyl ether-2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) diblock materials were found to have polydispersities of ≈ 1.3-1.4 and are microphase separated as indicated by two Tg's in their DSC thermograms. These copolymers are presently being used as model materials to study fundamental parameters important for steric stabilization of dispersions in polar media. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determining the chromophore in the amylopectin-iodine complex by theoretical and experimental studies (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2257-2265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: helix in amylopectin-iodine complex ; I4 unit in amylopectin-iodine complex ; spectra of amylopectin-iodine complex ; amylopectin-iodine chromophore composition ; amylopectin fine structures and complex formation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A partial hydrolysis of amylose followed by the addition of iodine provides a spectrum almost identical to that of the amylopectin-iodine (API) complex suggesting the involvement of smaller “amylose-like” units in the API complex. Our theoretical studies on different polyiodine and polyiodide species suggest that a nearly linear I4 unit stabilized within the cavity of a small “amylose-like” helix is responsible for the characteristic API spectrum. Since there are 2.75 anhydroglucose residues (AGU) for every iodine atom in the amylose-iodine (AI) complex and a structural similarity exists between the API and the AI (amylose-iodine) complexes, we identify (C6H10O5)11I4 to be the chromophore in the API complex. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iodine binding by amylopectin and stability of the amylopectin-iodine complex (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 2267-2274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: amylopectin, iodine binding capacity ; amylopectin, iodine binding energy of ; iodine binding and amylopectin fine structures ; Amylose-iodine and amylopectin-iodine complexes of fixed composition ; peak shift in amylose-iodine spectrum and different iodine species ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The iodine binding capacity (IBC) of amylopectin (AP, from potatoes) is determined to be around 0.38% (w/w) of the total AP in the solution. The mass of iodine bound comprises about 13.6% of the mass of AP involved with the complex, suggesting that with every four iodine atoms bound there are 23 anhydroglucose residues (AGU). Since our previous study indicates that four iodine atoms within the helix of 11 AGUs form a chromophore unit in the API complex, only 48% of the AGUs (11 out of 23) in the AP molecule are directly involved with the iodine. The heat of reaction for the API complex formation is determined to be around -47 kJ/mol of I-I units bound and is significantly lower in magnitude than that of the amylose-iodine (AI) complex [Biopolymers, 31, 57 (1991)]. A possible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of AI and API complexes with fixed compositions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080321208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization kinetics of 4-methoxystyrene with methyl methacrylate and 4-methoxystyrene with styrene: A test of the penultimate model (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 2097-2106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The propagation kinetics for the copolymerization of 4-methoxystyrene with methyl methacrylate and 4-methoxystyrene with styrene have been investigated using a pulsed laser technique. The dependence of the copolymerization propagation rate constant on the monomer feed ratio shows a diviation from classic Mayo-Lewis model kinetics for 4-methoxystyrene with methyl methacrylate but not for 4-methoxystyrene with styrene. These results have been interpreted to indicate that a penultimate effect is apparent in the first monomer pair but not in the second. With r1r2 = 0.092 for the copolymerization of 4-methoxystyrene with methyl methacrylate and r1r2 = 0.95 for 4-methoxystyrene with styrene, it is suggested that a deviation of the product of the coplymerization reactivity ratios from unity may be an indication of the presence of a penultimate effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A molecular orbital study of the interactions of acrylic polymers with aluminum: Implications for adhesion (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 3185-3219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present results of molecular orbital thory calculations of the interactions of acrylic polymers with aluminum, with a view toward understanding the nature of chemical bonding at the corresponding polymer-metal interfaces. The reported results are for the interactions of polymer model compounds with metal atoms (as opposed to our ongoing studies with metal surfaces). As such, the results relate to experimental studies where small dosages of metal atoms are evaporated onto polymer surfaces in pristine high vacuum environments. Our studies have been conducted within the theoretical framework of Hartree-Fock molecular orbital theory. We find that aluminum atoms interact primarily with the carbonyl group of acrylic polymers. The reaction proceeds by the metal atoms interacting with both the carbon and the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl functionality. This weakens the C=O bond. Finally, the carbonyl bond loses double bond character, and strong AL - O bonds are formed. Our results are compared to experimental data, and the implications of the detailed nature of bonding for adhesion applications are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080281201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel graft copolymers for in vivo targeting of colloidal carriers (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 1 (1990), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Graft copolymers ; Macromolecular homing devices ; Colloidal drug carriers ; bone marrow targeting ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of novel graft (comb) copolymers composed of a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic side chain grafts are described for the in vivo targeting of colloidal carriers. The new copolymers, when coated on nanometer size particles (nanospheres, nanocapsules), substantially reduce the capture of the particles by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and show potential for targeting to the bone marrow.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1990.220010510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid assessment of weathering stability from exposure of polymer films. II. The effectiveness of different regions of the solar spectrum in degrading an ABS terpolymer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1173-1179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple and rapid method has been developed to determine the relative effectiveness of the different regions of the solar spectrum in weathering a polymer. The method is based on measuring the rate of degradation of the polymer in film form, exposed outdoors under a range of materials which transmit different amounts of solar UV. The stability of an unpigmented ABS terpolymer has been examined using this method. It has been shown that the relatively small amount of solar radiation in the range of 295-340 nm accounts for 41% of the total degradation process. Longer wavelengths are shown to be progressively less effective; wavelengths greater than 450 nm (which account for nearly 90% of the total energy of the solar spectrum) contribute less than 5% to the degradation process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180415
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