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  • Physical Chemistry  (4)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (4)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (8)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1
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    Beamed emission from gamma-ray burst sources (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Gamma-ray bursts are intense fluxes of radiation in the 100 keV to several MeV energy range which typically persist for between a fraction of a second to several seconds. The observed spectral shape of these bursts suggest that the radiation is emitted as highly collimated beams emanating from neutron stars. This inference is based on the lack of significant gamma-gamma absorption (which are produced when gamma rays interact with stellar surfaces). The gamma-ray beams may be a consequence of a particle acceleration in double layers in neutron star magnetospheres.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Double Layers in Astrophysics; p 305
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    High-energy thermal synchrotron emission (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown how the thermal synchrotron emission spectrum is modified when the photon energy is greater than the mean energy of the radiating particles. The effect if applying this energy conservation constraint is to produce spectra which have less high-energy photon emission than had been previously estimated. The thermal synchrotron spectra provide satisfactory fits to recently observed very high energy gamma ray spectra of certain burst sources.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 296; 65-68
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  • 3
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    Analyzing gamma-ray burst spectral data (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The paper describes an improved method for calculating gamma-ray spectra of gamma-ray bursts. This method is independent of any assumed model for the incident spectrum. In many cases it makes it possible to perform chi-squared model fitting without detailed knowledge of the instrument response functions. The results of extensive calculations using simulated data and realistic response functions are presented; the Backus-Gilbert technique produces model-independent spectral estimates that are quantitatively accurate and easy to calculate.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 336; 896-919
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A map of the cosmic background radiation at 3 millimeters (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data from a series of balloon flights covering both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, measuring the large angular scale anisotropy in the cosmic background radiation at 3.3 mm wavelength are presented. The data cover 85 percent of the sky to a limiting sensitivity of 0.7 mK per 7 deg field of view. The data show a 50-sigma (statistical error only) dipole anisotropy with an amplitude of 3.44 + or - 0.17 mK and a direction of alpha = 11.2 h + or - 0.1 h, and delta = -6.0 deg + or - 1.5 deg. A 90 percent confidence level upper limit of 0.00007 is obtained for the rms quadrupole amplitude. Flights separated by 6 months show the motion of earth around the sun. Galactic contamination is very small, with less than 0.1 mK contribution to the dipole quadrupole terms. A map of the sky has been generated from the data.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 298; L1-L5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model study of synchronization and other phenomena in light perturbation of the Briggs-Rauscher reaction (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 345-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations are performed to model several phenomena observed when a photosensitive oscillating chemical reaction, the Briggs-Rauscher (BR) reaction, is subject to irradiation in a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor. The BR mechanism proposed earlier by De Kepper and Epstein is supplemented by additional steps involving the photogeneration and subsequent reaction of iodine atoms. The calculations show qualitative agreement with the following experimentally observed phenomena: (a) change in the period and amplitude of oscillation as a function of the intensity of constant illumination, (b) synchronization between periodically varying illumination and the period of chemical oscillation, (c) phase shifts induced by single light pulses, and (d) dark steady states which are excitable by single light pulses and become oscillatory at appropriate levels of constant illumination.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550170311
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex dynamical behavior in a new chemical oscillator: The chlorite-thiourea reaction in a CSTRPart 25 in the series Systematic Design of Chemical Oscillators. (Part 24: E. Kumpinsky and I. R. Epstein, J. Chem. Phys., in press.) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 429-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between chlorite ion and thiourea has been studied both in a closed (batch) system and in a flow reactor (CSTR). The principal stoichiometry is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 2{\rm ClO}_{\rm 2} ^{\rm - } + {\rm CS(NH}_{\rm 2} {\rm)}_{\rm 2} + {\rm 2NH}_{\rm 4} ^ + + {\rm CO}_{\rm 2} + 2{\rm Cl}^{\rm - } + {\rm SO}_{\rm 4} ^{{\rm 2 - }} $$\end{document} In batch, the reaction displays an induction period, whose length is proportional to [CS(NH2)2]/[ClO2-] [H+], followed by the rapid buildup and disappearance of a ClO2 intermediate. At [ClO2-]/[CS(NH2)2] ratios between 2.5 and 3.5, a second peak in the ClO2 absorbance is observed. In the CSTR, this iodine-free system displays simple and complex periodic oscillation, bistability, aperiodic oscillation, and birhythmicity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550170409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between thiosulfate and chlorite ions at 90°CSystematic Design of Chemical Oscillators. Part 32. Part 31: M. Alamgir and I.R. Epstein, J. Phys. Chem., 89, 3611 (1985) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 18 (1986), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the oxidation of S2O32- by ClO2- have been studied in aqueous alkaline solution at 900C using classical titrimetric methods to follow the course of the reaction. The reaction takes place according to the stoichiometry S2O32- + 2ClO2- + 2OH- = 2SO42- + 2Cl- + H2O even in large S2O32- excess. There is some indication of a complex reaction pattern, but 70% of the ClO2- disappearance can be best described by the autocatalytic rate equation -d[ClO2-]/dt = k[S2O32-] [ClO2-] [H+] with k = (1.3 ± 0.2) ×108 M-2 sec-1. The mechanism is explained by postulating nucleophilic attack of S2O32- on HClO2 to form a chlorine-containing intermediate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550180307
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autocatalysis and bistability in the reaction between nitric acid and thiocyanate (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 17 (1985), S. 601-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction between nitric acid and thiocyanate has been studied both in batch and flow configurations. The batch reaction is autocatalytic with an induction period which is decreased by the addition of HNO2. At the nitric acid concentrations employed (1-10 M), a red NOSCNH+ intermediate is formed. The reaction in a flow reactor exhibits bistability. A model involving competitive reactions of SCN- and NOSCNH+ with NO2 is suggested, and computer simulations with this model give good agreement with both the batch and flow experiments.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550170606
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