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  • Partly bridged octols  (1)
  • complexation  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 19 (1994), S. 167-191 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Partly bridged octols ; selective functionalization ; hemicarcerand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A general study on the synthesis of partly bridged octols3a-d and4c-d is described. Tri-bridged diol3c can be prepared in 54% yield in DMSO at 70°C with excess CH2BrCl or in 52% yield in DMF at 70°C with only 4 equiv. of CH2BrCl. 1,3-Di-bridged tetrol4a, one of the two possible di-bridged isomers formed in preference to the other, was obtained in 30% yield. Tri-bridged diols3c andd can be selectively debrominated in one step by treatment with 5 equiv. ofn-BuLi in THF to afford the corresponding dibromo derivatives8a andb in 77% and 76% yields, respectively. After incorporation of the fourth bridge, the remaining two bromines can be replaced by C(O)OMe to give9c (60%), by OH to give9d (62%) or by CN to give9f (〉95%). When the lithiated derivatives of3c andd are quenched with electrophiles other thanH +, a selectively functionalized tri-bridged diol with hydroxyl (8c, 47%) and selectively functionalized cavitands with thiomethyl (9g, 25%) or iodo (9h, 20%) groups can be synthesized. Two molecules of9d were coupled with CH2BrCl in DMSO/THF under high dilution conditions to give the flexible hemicarcerand10 in 71% yield.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Crown ethers ; urea(-like) guests ; complexation ; crystal structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The preparation and X-ray structure determinations of six complexes of urea and (O-n-butyliso)uronium salts with crown ethers are presented. Urea forms isostructural 5:1 adducts with 18-crown-6 (1) and aza-18-crown-6 (2), in which two urea molecules are each hydrogen bonded to two neighbouring hetero atoms of the macroring. The remaining urea molecules form two-dimensional layers alternating with crown ether layers. In both complexes the macroring has theg + g + a ag − a ag − a g − g − a ag + a ag + a conformation withC i symmetry. In the solid 1:1 complex of O-n-butylisouronium picrate with 18-crown-6 (3) two types of conformations of the macroring were observed: theg + g + a ag − a ag + a ag − g − ag − a ag + a conformation with approximateC m symmetry and to a lesser extent theg + g + a ag − a ag + a g + g + a ag − a ag + a conformation with approximateC 2 symmetry. Both conformations allow the guest to form three hydrogen bonds to the macrocyclic host. Three complexes of 18-crown-6 and uronium salts have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The 1:1 complexes with uronium nitrate (4) and uronium picrate (5) both exhibit the sameC 2 conformation and the same hydrogen bonding scheme as in the least occupied form of the previous complex. A 1:2 complex with uroniump-toluenesulphonate (6) has a different hydrogen bonding scheme (two hydrogen bonds per cation to neighbouring oxygen atoms of the macroring) and a different conformation of the host molecule (theag + a ag − a ag + a ag − a ag + a ag − a conformation with almostD 3d symmetry). An attempt to prepare a solid uronium nitrate complex with diaza-18-crown-6 in the same way as the 18-crown-6·uronium nitrate (1:1) complex did not yield the expected result. Instead X-ray analysis revealed that the uronium ion is dissociated, resulting in the nitrate salt of the diprotonated diaza crown ether (7).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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