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  • Organic Chemistry  (18)
  • Heterocycles  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: cis-[1.1.1]-Tris-σ-homobenzenes ; [σ2s+σ2s+σ2s] Cycloreversions ; Substituent effects ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By triple epoxide → cyclopropane transformation starting from cis-benzene trioxide the 3α,6α,9α-tris(TIPS-ethynyl) (1b), -tris(alkoxycarbonyl) (1d, e), -tricyano (1f), and -tris(ammoniomethyl) (1j) derivatives of the still elusive parent cis-[1.1.1]-tris-σ-homobenzene (1a) have been synthesized. Out of a number of carbon nucleophiles tested, a weakly basic mixed cyanocuprate of Li-TIPS-propyne proved the reagent of choice: Eliminations were largely avoided, the scylloDescriptors scyllo, chiro, allo, cis are used as in inositol nomenclature; TIPS- = iPr3Si-.-2,4,6-tris(TIPS-propargyl)cyclohexane-1,3,5-triol (13a), obtained in a stereoselective one-pot threefold epoxide opening (up to 69%), allowed the pertinent functional group manipulations. The selectivity of the base-induced triple cyclopropane ring closure in the flexible cyclohexane precursors strongly depends on the activating groups and is promoted by fixation of the “all-axial” conformation as an adamantoid orthophosphate. The ΔG≠ values determined for the generally neat 3σ → 3π isomerizations [28.5 (1e), 29.0 (1f), 22.6 (1j) kcal mol-1] are in line with concerted reaction courses ([σ2s+σ2s+σ2s]). For the trinitrile 1f an X-ray structure analysis confirmed a nearly planar cyclohexane ring and a relatively large cyclohexane/cyclopropane interplanary angle (113°).
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Sannamycin-type ; Mirror-images ; Syntheses ; Activity, biological ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sets of variously protected purpurosamine/2-epi-purpurosamine-type glycosyl donors (O-acetates) and sannamine-type glycosyl acceptors were coupled as racemates and pure enantiomers, according to a modified Koenigs-Knorr procedure with TMSOTf as promotor. The α anomers isolated from the respective mixtures of glycosides (yields varying between 51% and 91%, α:β anomeric ratios between 1.5:1 and 13:1, α:α′ diastereomeric ratios between 1:1 and 1:1.5) were transformed through standard protection/deprotection and glycidation measures into 6′-des(N-methyl)sannamycins A (1, 1′, 2, 2′) and B (37, 37′), 2′-epi-6′-des(N-methyl)sannamycins (3, 3′), the enantiomeric sannamycins A and B (ent-4)/ (ent-40), the diastereomers (ent-4′)/(ent-40′), and the enantiomeric 2′-epi-sannamycin A (ent-5)/(ent-β-5). For one of the fluorinated glycosides (α-26′), featuring a somewhat unusual aglycon conformation, an X-ray structural analysis was performed. In explorative biological tests, the naturally configurated glycosides 1 and 3 showed limited, 2 a rather broad activity against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. Yet, none of the glycosides with non-natural configuration was found to be active.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: (Seco)dodecahedradienes ; PE spectroscopy ; π,π Interaction, nonconjugated, through-space, through-bond ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nature and extent of nonconjugated π,π interactions in (bis)-secododecahedradienes and (pentagonal, non-pentagonal) dodecahedradienes with transannular π,π distances ranging from ca. 2.8 to ca. 3.5 Å - representing well defined points on the D2h [π2 + π2] reaction coordinate - were studied by PE spectroscopy. The π,π splitting of 0.68 eV measured at the largest π,π distance of ca. 3.5 Å (1,16-dodecahedradiene 3a) was attributed to ca. 50% each of through-space and through-bond conjugation (analysis of precanonical MOs).
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: 1,4-cis-Diaminotetra(di)deoxyheptitols ; Tropa-type heterocycles ; Total syntheses ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthetic potential of the dianhydrocycloheptenepentols 3 and dianhydrocycloheptaneheptols 4 - ultimately available from tropilidene - as intermediates en route to 1,4-cis-diaminotetra(di)deoxyheptitols is studied. With standard bivalent N nucleophiles (methyl-, benzylamine, hydrazines) the regioselective installation of two (e.g. 9, 34) amino functions has to compete with the generation of variously functionalized tropa-type 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (e.g. 29, 30, 35, 45, 47). With azide (N3-) as monovalent nucleophile in unsaturated diepoxides 3 twofold, nearly regiospecific substitution (7) - in competition with [3,3]-sigmatropic migration (SN2′ substitution) -, in saturated diepoxides 4 regioselective monosubstitution (39) can be achieved.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The propensity of the N=N bond to undergo photo [2 + 2] cycloadditions has been further explored. In the specifically designed 1,5-azo/enes 1-3, no [2 + 2] cycloaddition has been observed upon either direct or sensitized excitation with light of various wave lengths at temperatures down to 77 K, in line with expectations based on X-ray (1: d = 2.71 Å, ω = 129°) and PE measurements (1: I1 = 8.00, I2 = 9.05 eV; 2; I1 = 8.00, I2 = 9.25eV). The steric/stereoelectronic demands for the participation of the N=N bond in pericyclic reactions are clearly more stringent than those for the C=C bond.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α.ω-Dicarbonsäureester, deren beide zu den Carboxylen β-ständigen CH2-Gruppen durch S-Atome ersetzt sind, ROOC - CH2 - S - (CH2)n - S - CH2 - COOR, konnten durch Dieckmann-Reaktion zu normalen, mittleren und makrocyclischen Ketoestern cyclisiert werden, wobei die S-Glieder durch zusätzliche Aktivierung der α-Methylengruppen sowie durch sterischen Effekt fördernd wirken. Das Ringbildungsminimum liegt bei den Dithia-Ringen niedriger (bei n = 8-9) als bei rein carbocyclischen Systemen.  -  Die chemischen Eigenschaften der Dithia-cyclohexanone werden näher beschrieben.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 29.  -  13C-Analyses of Cross-Conjugated π-Electron SystemsHerrn Prof. Dr. Arthur Lüttringhaus zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.13C-NMR spectra of derivatives of fulvene, triafulvene, heptafulvene, calicene, pentaful-valene, sesquifulvalene and fidecene (1-8) as well as of several model compounds were measured and for the most part assigned. The chemical shifts can be interpreted largely in terms of charge delocalisation and show a charge distribution in accord with known dipole moments.
    Notes: Die 13C-NMR-Spektren von Derivaten des Fulvens, Triafulvens, Heptafulvens, Calicens, Pentafulvalens, Sesquifulvalens und Fidecens (1-8) sowie von einigen Vergleichsverbindungen wurden gemessen und größtenteils zugeordnet. Die chemischen Verschiebungen sind weitgehend auf der Basis von Ladungsverschiebungen deutbar und zeigen eine Ladungsverteilung an, die mit den gemessenen Dipolmomenten in Einklang steht.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 32.  -  Syntheses and Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl-, 1,2:3,4-Dibenzo-, and 2,3-DiphenylpentafulvaleneThe crystalline, isolable, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl- and 1,2:3,4-dibenzofulvalenes (9 and 10) and 2,3-diphenylfulvalene (11), which is stable only in solution, have been synthesized. The increasing ease of dimerisation via [4 + 2]-addition is responsible for the steeply diminishing thermal stability from 9 to 11. In model reactions, the fulvalenes behave both as dienes and dienophiles. The cyclopentadienylidenenorbornadiene derivatives 17, 24, 32a, b and the binorbornadienylidene derivatives 36a, b, 37a, b are accessible via 9, 10, and via 29b, resp., the “masked” form of 11.  -  On the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR data pentafulvalene is placed within the series of cyclic cross-conjugated π-systems 1.
    Notes: Die kristallin isolierbaren 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl- und 1,2:3,4-Dibenzofulvalene (9 bzw. 10) und das nur in Lösung existenzfähige 2,3-Diphenylfulvalen (11) wurden hergestellt. Für die von 9 zu 11 rasch absinkende thermische Stabilität ist die zunehmend leichtere Dimerisierung durch [4 + 2]-Addition verantwortlich. In Modellreaktionen verhalten sich die Fulvalene sowohl wie Diene als auch wie Dienophile. Die Cyclopentadienylidennorbornadienderivate 17, 24, 32a, b und die Binorbornadienylidenderivate 36a, b, 37a, b sind über 9, 10 bzw. über 29b, die „maskierte“ Form von 11, zugänglich.  -  An Hand der 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten wird das Pentafulvalen in die Reihe der cyclisch gekreuzt-konjugierten π-Systeme 1 eingeordnet.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese des 7.8;9.10-Dibenzo-sesquifulvalens (2) und des 7.8.9.10-Tetraphenyl-sesquifulvalens (3) sowie Versuche zur Darstellung des 7.8.9.10-Tetrachlor-sesquifulvalens (34) werden beschrieben. Die stabilen Derivate 2 und 3 des sehr unbeständigen Grundkörpers 1 sind durch große Reaktionsbereitschaft sowohl gegenüber elektrophilen als auch nucleophilen Reaktionspartnern ausgezeichnet. Mit Tetracyanäthylen bildet 2 ein 1.8-Addukt, 3 hingegen ein 1.4-Addukt. Die physikalischen Daten (UV, NMR) werden im Hinblick auf die π-Elektronendichteverteilung im Grundzustand des cyclischen gekreuzt-konjugierten Bindungssystems 1 diskutiert.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Bisdiazenes ; Homoconjugation ; Photochemistry ; Heterocycles ; Diazenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---Rigid N=N/N=N (diazene/diazene) systems (F) consisting of more or less alkylated DBH and DBO chromophoric units (1, 2, X-ray structures), with very short π,π distances [d = 2.849 (1a, av.), 2.822 Å (2)] and almost perfect syn-periplanar π,π alignments [ω = 168.6 (1a), 174.2° (2)] as well as the more flexible, less “proximate” metathesis isomers (3a,c, 27a,c, d 〉4.6 Å, ω = 90-100°) have been synthesized. Homoconjugate π,π interaction (in 1, 2, not in 3, 27) is deduced from UV spectroscopic measurements [π → π* maxima at 239 (234) nm (sh, 260)], while PE analyses furnished only small interaction parameters (1a: 〈0.3 eV). The potential of the novel syn-periplanar N=N/N=N motif in 1 and 2 for the synthesis of somewhat exotic polyheterocycles has been explored by calculation (B3LYP) as well as experimentally: i.a. kinetically stabilized, all-cis-peralkylated tetrazolidines (38, 44) and perhydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazines (41, 47) have become accessible (i.a. via novel azomethine/diazene and azomethine/azomethine cycloadditions). In 1a with its unreactive DBO chromophoric subunits, in the “buttressed” derivatives 1b-d, as well as in the DBH/DBO combination 2, and likewise in more ‘distant’ 27 (differently from the analogous C=C/C=C and N=N/C=C systems), irrespective of the excitation conditions employed (light of λ ≥≥ 280, 254 nm, low temperature matrix irradiation, acetone sensitization) no [2+2]photocycloaddition was observed. Instead exclusively N2-elimination took place. It is argued that unproductive N=N/N=N photocycloaddition would have become observable through metathesis isomerization of the respective tetrazetidines.
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