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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Sannamycin-type ; Mirror-images ; Syntheses ; Activity, biological ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sets of variously protected purpurosamine/2-epi-purpurosamine-type glycosyl donors (O-acetates) and sannamine-type glycosyl acceptors were coupled as racemates and pure enantiomers, according to a modified Koenigs-Knorr procedure with TMSOTf as promotor. The α anomers isolated from the respective mixtures of glycosides (yields varying between 51% and 91%, α:β anomeric ratios between 1.5:1 and 13:1, α:α′ diastereomeric ratios between 1:1 and 1:1.5) were transformed through standard protection/deprotection and glycidation measures into 6′-des(N-methyl)sannamycins A (1, 1′, 2, 2′) and B (37, 37′), 2′-epi-6′-des(N-methyl)sannamycins (3, 3′), the enantiomeric sannamycins A and B (ent-4)/ (ent-40), the diastereomers (ent-4′)/(ent-40′), and the enantiomeric 2′-epi-sannamycin A (ent-5)/(ent-β-5). For one of the fluorinated glycosides (α-26′), featuring a somewhat unusual aglycon conformation, an X-ray structural analysis was performed. In explorative biological tests, the naturally configurated glycosides 1 and 3 showed limited, 2 a rather broad activity against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. Yet, none of the glycosides with non-natural configuration was found to be active.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 29.  -  13C-Analyses of Cross-Conjugated π-Electron SystemsHerrn Prof. Dr. Arthur Lüttringhaus zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.13C-NMR spectra of derivatives of fulvene, triafulvene, heptafulvene, calicene, pentaful-valene, sesquifulvalene and fidecene (1-8) as well as of several model compounds were measured and for the most part assigned. The chemical shifts can be interpreted largely in terms of charge delocalisation and show a charge distribution in accord with known dipole moments.
    Notes: Die 13C-NMR-Spektren von Derivaten des Fulvens, Triafulvens, Heptafulvens, Calicens, Pentafulvalens, Sesquifulvalens und Fidecens (1-8) sowie von einigen Vergleichsverbindungen wurden gemessen und größtenteils zugeordnet. Die chemischen Verschiebungen sind weitgehend auf der Basis von Ladungsverschiebungen deutbar und zeigen eine Ladungsverteilung an, die mit den gemessenen Dipolmomenten in Einklang steht.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 32.  -  Syntheses and Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl-, 1,2:3,4-Dibenzo-, and 2,3-DiphenylpentafulvaleneThe crystalline, isolable, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl- and 1,2:3,4-dibenzofulvalenes (9 and 10) and 2,3-diphenylfulvalene (11), which is stable only in solution, have been synthesized. The increasing ease of dimerisation via [4 + 2]-addition is responsible for the steeply diminishing thermal stability from 9 to 11. In model reactions, the fulvalenes behave both as dienes and dienophiles. The cyclopentadienylidenenorbornadiene derivatives 17, 24, 32a, b and the binorbornadienylidene derivatives 36a, b, 37a, b are accessible via 9, 10, and via 29b, resp., the “masked” form of 11.  -  On the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR data pentafulvalene is placed within the series of cyclic cross-conjugated π-systems 1.
    Notes: Die kristallin isolierbaren 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl- und 1,2:3,4-Dibenzofulvalene (9 bzw. 10) und das nur in Lösung existenzfähige 2,3-Diphenylfulvalen (11) wurden hergestellt. Für die von 9 zu 11 rasch absinkende thermische Stabilität ist die zunehmend leichtere Dimerisierung durch [4 + 2]-Addition verantwortlich. In Modellreaktionen verhalten sich die Fulvalene sowohl wie Diene als auch wie Dienophile. Die Cyclopentadienylidennorbornadienderivate 17, 24, 32a, b und die Binorbornadienylidenderivate 36a, b, 37a, b sind über 9, 10 bzw. über 29b, die „maskierte“ Form von 11, zugänglich.  -  An Hand der 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten wird das Pentafulvalen in die Reihe der cyclisch gekreuzt-konjugierten π-Systeme 1 eingeordnet.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Synthese des 7.8;9.10-Dibenzo-sesquifulvalens (2) und des 7.8.9.10-Tetraphenyl-sesquifulvalens (3) sowie Versuche zur Darstellung des 7.8.9.10-Tetrachlor-sesquifulvalens (34) werden beschrieben. Die stabilen Derivate 2 und 3 des sehr unbeständigen Grundkörpers 1 sind durch große Reaktionsbereitschaft sowohl gegenüber elektrophilen als auch nucleophilen Reaktionspartnern ausgezeichnet. Mit Tetracyanäthylen bildet 2 ein 1.8-Addukt, 3 hingegen ein 1.4-Addukt. Die physikalischen Daten (UV, NMR) werden im Hinblick auf die π-Elektronendichteverteilung im Grundzustand des cyclischen gekreuzt-konjugierten Bindungssystems 1 diskutiert.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bissecododecahedranes, hydrogenolysis, catalytic dehydrocyclization ; Dodecahedranes ; Cyclizations, non-dehydrogenative ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stepwise route B from pagodanes to dodecahedranes was completed by double catalytic dehydrocyclization of saturated (alkylated) bisseco precursor substrates (2, 3, 5, 16). Based on pagodane, dodecahedranes (9, 10, 13, 14, 17) were obtained in up to 53% yield. Transannular C,C bond formation at the bisseco stage and partial (C-alkyl) or total (C-OR, C-CO2R) removal of substituent groups under the necessarily forcing reaction conditions constituted preparative limitations. Attempts at alternative ring closure methodologies (homo-Norrish type II, homoenolization, carbene insertion) have remained unsuccessful.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ‘Face-to-Face’ Benzo-anellated Homologous Hypostrophenes. Syntheses, X-Ray-Structure Analyses and PE Spectra‘Face-to-face’ Benzo-anellated homologous hypostrophenes (series M), of interest as substrates for [6 + 6]-photocycloaddition reactions, have been synthesized. From X-ray structural analyses of 13b and 13c shortest C—C distances of 2.80(2.76)/2.71 Å and interorbital angles (ω) of 129° (128°)/130° between the benzene rings have been determined. The PE spectra are discussed in the context of transannular π,π interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminoglycosid-Antibiotika - Fortamin-Aglyca Totalsynthese, Racemattrennung, chemischen ModifizierungenAusgehend von Dianhydro-epi-inosit 10 (letztlich erhältlich aus Benzol) wurde eine leistungsfähige Synthese für enantiomerenreine (+)/(-)-Des-O-methylfortamine (Derivate) entwickelt. Zentrale Schritte sind die regiospezifischen Epoxidöffnungen, intramolekular beim Diepoxybis(urethan) 11 und intermolekular mit (+)-1-Phenylethylamin bei den Epoxyurethanen rac-13. Die diastereomeren Addukte (30, 32) können verlustfrei durch Kristallisation/Chromatographie getrennt werden. Nach hydrierender Spaltung werden natürliche und nicht natürliche cis-1,4-Inosadiamine enantiomerenrein erhalten [z. B. Fortamin (-)-1, ent-Fortamin (+)-1, 3-O-Desmethylfortamin (-)-38, ent-3-O-Desmethylfortamin (+)-380]. Der in zahlreichen Modellreaktionen optimierte Syntheseweg erlaubt breite chemische Modifizerungen und führt u.a.zu 3-O-Desmethylfortamin- und ent-Fortamin-Derivaten, in denen nur die zur Glycosidierung gebrauchte (6)4-OH-Gruppe ungeschützt bleibt.
    Notes: Starting from the dianhydro-epi-inositol 10 (available ultimately from benzene) an expedient total synthesis of enantiomerically pure (+)/(-)-de-O-methylfortamines (derivatives) has been developed. Key steps are the regiospecific epoxide openings which occur intramolecularly in the diepoxybis(urethane) 11 and intermolecularly by (+)-1-phenylthylamine in the epoxyurethanes rac-13. The diastereomeric adducts (30, 32) are quantitatively separated by crystallization/chromatogrphy. Following hydrogenation, natural and nonnatural cis-1,4-inosadiamines are obtained optically pure [e.g. fortamine (-)-1, ent-fortamine (+)-1, 3-O-demethylfortamine (-)-38, ent-3-O-demethylfortamine (+)-38]. This approach, which was optimized by numerous model reactions, allows wide chemical modifications and leads among others to 3-O-demethylfortamine and ent-fortamine derivatives in which only the (6)4-OH-group, the one to be glycosidated, remains unprotected.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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