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  • Organic Chemistry  (22)
  • Benzofuran epoxides  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 75 (1992), S. 1274-1280 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New and Simple Method for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic la-QuinolinesThe reaction of anilines with (+)-(R)-pulegone in toluene at temperatures between 125 and 150° with 4-toluenesulfonic acid or I2 as catalysts leads to diastereoisomeric mixtures of spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′(1′H)-quinoline] derivatives (see 1-4, Scheme 1; Table). The diastereoisomers are separated by column chromatography, and the structure of the single isomers is determined by NMR-spectroscopic methods. A reaction mechanism proceeding via several 6π-electrocyclic rearrangements and H-shifts is proposed for the formation of 1H-quinolines 1-4 (Scheme 2). This mechanism is in accordance with the results of the reaction of 2-isopropenylaniline with 3-methylcyclohexanone which leads to a stereoisomeric mixture of 3,4′-dimethylspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′(1H)-quinolines] (Scheme 3).
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the Fmoc-protected amino acid 2 is presented. First attempts of amide-bond formation to the homodimer 4 in solution showed only poor coupling yields indicative for the low reactivity of the amino and carboxy groups in the building blocks 1 and 2, respectively (Scheme 1). Best coupling yields were found using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) without any additive. The oligomerization of building block 2 adopting the Fmoc ((9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl) solid-phase synthesis yielded a mixture of N-terminal-modified distamycin-NA derivatives. By combined HPLC and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, the N-terminal functional groups could be identified as acetamide and N,N-dimethylformamidine functions, arising from coupling of the N-terminus of the growing chain with residual AcOH or DCC-activated solvent DMF. An improved preparation of building block 2 and coupling protocol led to the prevention of the N-terminal acetylation. However, ‘amidination’ could not be circumvented. A thus isolated tetramer of 2, containing a lysine unit at the C-terminus and a N,N-dimethylformamidine-modified N-terminus, not unexpectedly, showed no complementary base pairing to DNA and RNA, as determined by standard UV-melting-curve analysis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the monomeric building block 13 and its constitutional isomer 12 of a new type of DNA analog, distamycin-NA, is presented (Schemes 1 and 2). This building block consists of a uracil base attached to a thiophene core unit via a biaryl-like axis. Next to the biaryl-like axis on the thiophene chromophore, a carboxy and an amino substituent are located allowing for oligomerization via peptide coupling. The proof of constitution and the conformational preferences about the biaryl-like axis were established by means of X-ray analyses of the corresponding nitro derivatives 10 and 11. Thus, the uracil bases are propeller-twisted relative to the thiophene core, and bidentate H-bonds occur between two uracil bases in the crystals. The two amino-acid building blocks 12 and 13 were coupled to give the dimers 15 and 16 using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in THF/LiCl and DMF, respectively. While the dimer 15 showed no atropisomerism on the NMR time scale at room temperature, its isomer 16 occurred as distinct diastereoisomers due to the hindered rotation around its biaryl-like axis. Variable-temperature 1H-NMR experiments allowed to determine a rotational barrier of 19 ± 1 kcal/mol in 16. The experimental data were complemented by AM1 calculations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 72 (1989), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Azepine-Ring SynthesisA new one-step synthesis of an azepine ring is described. The 2H-pyran-2-one ring of methyl cumalate (8) or cumalaldehyde (2) upon reaction with an 1-aminoacryl derivative, e.g. 1 or 6, is opened with subsequent decarboxylation to give a 1-aminobutadiene derivative that undergoes an electrocyclic ring closure to the azepine ring (Schemes 1 and 2).
    Notes: No abstract.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 71 (1988), S. 1467-1473 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Methyl Coumalate and Coumalaldehyde with Ambident NucleophilesMethyl coumalate and coumalaldehyde show great diversity in their reactions with ambident nucleophiles both depending upon the 2H-pyran-2-one derivative and the nature of the ambident nucleophile used. The products are either pyridine or pyrimidine derivatives.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of 2-Vinylaniline Derivatives with 1-Benzyl- and 1-Methylpiperidin-4-one: An Elegant Synthesis of New Polycyclic Indole DerivativesThe reaction of 2-vinylaniline derivatives with 1-benzylpiperidin-4-one or 1-methylpiperidin-4-one in toluene at temperatures between 115 and 120° with toluene-4-sulfonic acid as catalyst leads in good yields to a new class of polycyclic indole derivatives (Scheme 1, Table 1). The structure of the new diastereoisomerically pure racemic compounds 1-5 is determined by NMR-spectroscopic methods. A reaction mechanism proceeding via cyclization of enamine 9, leading to a racemic, tricyclic reactive intermediate 10, and subsequent intramolecular 1,5-dipolar cyclization as key steps in proposed for the formation of octahydropyrido[4′,3′:4]cyclobut[1,2-b]indoles 1-5. The scope and limitations of the new method are discussed (see Table 2).
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Furocoumarin ; Dioxirane ; 8-Methoxypsoralen epoxide ; Mutagenicity ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of 8-methoxypsoralen (1) with dimethyldioxirane in methanol at 25°C yields the methanol adduct 3, namely the 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxy-3,9-dimethoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, whose structure was unequivocally assigned by means of spectroscopic data. Methanol adduct 3 is produced by dioxirane epoxidation of the furan double bond of 1 to 2 followed by nucleophilic attack by methanol at the benzylically activated C-3. The direct observation of the 8-methoxypsoralen epoxide (2) was not possible, because at low temperature (below 0°C) dimethyldioxirane does not epoxidize 1, while at 25°C this labile epoxide decomposes. On the basis of these results, a rational explanation is offered as to the origin of the regioisomeric methanol adduct 5, namely 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2,9-dimethoxy-7H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, observed in traces (ca. 0.2%), when 1 is treated with sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous methanol.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 689-693 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Epoxidation ; Dioxirane, methyl(trifluoromethyl)-, dimethyl- ; Psoralen epoxide ; Naphthofurans ; Quinone methides ; [4 + 2] Cycloaddition ; DNA alkylation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane oxidation of natural psoralen (1a) and 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP, 1b) and dimethyldioxirane oxidation of some related 2,3-substituted furocoumarins 1c-e at subambient temperature afforded the corresponding labile epoxides 2a-e. The reaction of acetylated 2,3-dimethylnaphthofurans 1f,g with dimethyldioxirane afforded the corresponding quinone methides 3f, g, derived from the valence-isomeric epoxides 2f,g. Cycloaddition of ethyl vinyl ether to the quinone methides 3b, c led to the benzopyrans 5b, c. In methanol at -50°C, the 8-MOP epoxide (2a) was converted by nucleophilic attack into the corresponding adduct 4b. The latter result demonstrates that the psoralen epoxides may serve as powerful alkylating agents and provides a possible chemical basis for their observed genotoxicity due to adduct formation by nucleophilic attack of DNA.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclic Cross-Conjugated Bond Systems, 32.  -  Syntheses and Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl-, 1,2:3,4-Dibenzo-, and 2,3-DiphenylpentafulvaleneThe crystalline, isolable, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyl- and 1,2:3,4-dibenzofulvalenes (9 and 10) and 2,3-diphenylfulvalene (11), which is stable only in solution, have been synthesized. The increasing ease of dimerisation via [4 + 2]-addition is responsible for the steeply diminishing thermal stability from 9 to 11. In model reactions, the fulvalenes behave both as dienes and dienophiles. The cyclopentadienylidenenorbornadiene derivatives 17, 24, 32a, b and the binorbornadienylidene derivatives 36a, b, 37a, b are accessible via 9, 10, and via 29b, resp., the “masked” form of 11.  -  On the basis of 1H- and 13C-NMR data pentafulvalene is placed within the series of cyclic cross-conjugated π-systems 1.
    Notes: Die kristallin isolierbaren 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenyl- und 1,2:3,4-Dibenzofulvalene (9 bzw. 10) und das nur in Lösung existenzfähige 2,3-Diphenylfulvalen (11) wurden hergestellt. Für die von 9 zu 11 rasch absinkende thermische Stabilität ist die zunehmend leichtere Dimerisierung durch [4 + 2]-Addition verantwortlich. In Modellreaktionen verhalten sich die Fulvalene sowohl wie Diene als auch wie Dienophile. Die Cyclopentadienylidennorbornadienderivate 17, 24, 32a, b und die Binorbornadienylidenderivate 36a, b, 37a, b sind über 9, 10 bzw. über 29b, die „maskierte“ Form von 11, zugänglich.  -  An Hand der 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten wird das Pentafulvalen in die Reihe der cyclisch gekreuzt-konjugierten π-Systeme 1 eingeordnet.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analyser for the simultaneous determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in organic compounds is described. The samples are burned in a static system in oxygen and the combustion products are determined using a self-integrating thermal conductivity method. Up to 16 previously weighed samples of 0.5 ÷ 2.0 mg are analysed without any manual help and the results are presented in digital form. One determination takes between 7 and 13 minutes. At present the standard error of a single determination is 0.20, 0.08 and 0.30% (absolute) for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, respectively, but these figures may easily be improved by minor modifications.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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