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  • Beta vulgaris  (13)
  • Monocytes  (5)
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Sugar beet ; Beta lomatogona ; Beta procumbens ; Interspecific hybrid ; Isozyme polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A tetraploid (2n=36) interspecific hybrid was obtained involving three species belonging to three different sections of Beta. The hybrid was highly sterile and did not show apomixis. At meiosis, up to nine bivalents were observed, most probably resulting from autosyndesis of the chromosomes of Beta lomatogona. For nine isozyme systems, individual enzyme expression was investigated in the parental species and in the hybrids. No silencing of genes or genomes was observed. In the case of some polymeric enzymes interspecific heteropolymers could be detected.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; mtDNA ; Restriction fragment patterns ; Filter hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of sugar beet from different breeding stations was investigated by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridization. All cms lines showed similar but not identical restriction and hybridization signal patterns, readily distinguishable from those of fertile (N) cytoplasm. Digestion of the mtDNA with BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, and XhoI revealed distinct differences between the sterile lines, and six subtypes of the S cytoplasm could be distinguished. Differences between the sterile lines were confirmed by hybridization with a $$\overline{\overline {COX}} II$$ gene probe revealing minor, line-specific hybridization signals. The data presented provide evidence for the existence of considerable variation within the only commercially used source of cms in the sugar beet, the Owen's type of cytoplasm.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 656-664 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Beta procumbens ; Alien monosomic additions ; Plant development in vivo ; Development in vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Alien monosomic additions in beet (Beta vulgaris), each carrying one of the nine chromosomes of B. procumbens, were grown in vivo and in vitro to study the effect of the alien chromosomes on plant development. All additional chromosomes caused a reduction of the growth rate in vivo, which, in one case was so strong that some of the plants died as seedlings. In general, the morphological plant characteristics were not very useful to distinguish the addition types; this could have been the results of the wide variation in the recipient parent. However, some developmental characteristics proved to be highly chromosome-specific; for plants in vivo this was annuality, in combination with early or late flowering. If grown in vitro, chromosome specificity was observed for growth type (rosette or elongated stem), occurrence and rate of vitrification, occurrence and morphology of wound callus, formation of additional meristems on the midribs of leaves, formation of roots and a specific reaction to benzylaminopurine (BAP) the medium. Two chromosome types of B. procumbens caused resistance to the beet cyst nematode.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Beet necrotic yellow vein virus ; Beta vulgaris ; Inheritance ; Resistance genes ; Rhizomania ; STS markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   Rhizomania is a serious disease of sugar beet, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). The disease can only be controlled by the use of resistant cultivars. The accession Holly contains a single dominant gene for resistance, called Rz. The identification of a locus for resistance that differs from Rz would provide possibilities to produce cultivars with multiple resistance to BNYVV. Inheritance of resistance to BNYVV was studied by screening progenies of crosses between resistant plants of the accessions Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima WB42 and B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Holly-1–4 or R104. Observed and expected segregation ratios were compared to elucidate whether the resistance genes in the three accessions are alleles or situated on different loci. STS markers, linked to the genes for resistance, were used to study the segregation in more detail. The results demonstrated that the genes for resistance to BNYVV inHolly-1-4 and WB42 are closely linked. The gene for resistance in R104 is at the same locus as in Holly-1-4, and also closely linked to the gene in WB42. As the Holly resistance gene has been named Rz, the name Rz2 is proposed to refer to the resistance gene in WB42. Consequently, the gene Rz should be referred to as Rz1.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 76 (1988), S. 577-586 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Beta procumbens ; Alien monosomic additions ; Isozyme markers ; Chromosome identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eleven isozyme systems were used to identify the extra chromosomes, originating from Beta procumbens, in progenies of 33 monosomic additions in beet (B. vulgaris). Nine groups of monosomic additions could be distinguished, representing the nine different chromosome types of B. procumbens.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Cytoplasmic male sterility ; mtDNA probes ; Miniassays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Methods are described whereby hybridization of mitochondrial (mt) DNA with different DNA probes can definitely distinguish male-fertile and and male-sterile (cms) cytoplasms of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. We have developed two types of miniassays. (1) Comparative methods requiring the isolation and restriction of total cellular DNA, hybridization with cloned mtDNA fragments from either fertile or male-sterile cytoplasms, and comparison of the hybridization patterns to the fertile-and sterile-specific patterns of mtDNA of sugar beet for the given mtDNA probe. For these analyses, we routinely used 1 g of plant material to determine the type of cytoplasm. (2) Noncomparative (“plus-minus”) methods requiring neither the isolation of pure DNA nor restriction, electrophoresis, or Southern blotting. Instead, alkaline-SDS plant extracts from as little as 50 mg of plant material were dot-blotted and hybridized with fertile-specific (mitochondrial minicircular DNA) and/or cms-specific probes (consisting of a 2.3-kb mtDNA sequence exclusively occurring in the cms cytoplasm). The assays are simple to perform, give definitive results, are nonde-structive to the plants, and may be used in mass screening of sugar beet populations for hybrid production or in in vitro culture processes.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Primary trisomies ; Beet ; Beta vulgaris ; Isozyme polymorphism ; Chromosomal assignment ; Distorted segregation ; Dosage shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Segregating families of beet (Beta vulgaris) were used to verify the monofactorial inheritance of two enzyme-coding loci, leucine aminopeptidase (Lap1) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (Got3). With a series of primary trisomies and using three methods to discriminate between the critical trisomic (the locus is situated on the triplicated chromosome) and the non-critical ones, it was possible to allocate the two loci to beet chromosomes I and II, respectively. For the locus Lap1 distorted segregation ratios were estimated, and the incorporation of three alleles into one plant was attempted. In the case of Got3 the measurement of the allele dosage effect after electrophoresis was chosen as the major strategy. The output of laser densitometric scans were subjected to the non-parametrical Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 188 (1978), S. 361-373 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Macrophages ; Monocytes ; Peroxidatic activity ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A description is given of the distribution of peroxidatic (PO) activity in murine monocytes of blood and peritoneal cavity, and in murine macrophages residing in the unstimulated peritoneal cavity as well as in liver, spleen, bone marrow, and small intestine. In the monocytes, PO activity is restricted to some of the cytoplasmic granules; in the tissue (or resident) macrophages present in peritoneal cavity, liver, spleen, and small intestine, the PO activity is located in the nuclear envelope and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Macrophages in the bone marrow are PO-negative. In the spleen and bone marrow, reticulum cells show PO activity in the nuclear envelope and the RER. Transitional forms between monocytes and tissue macrophages were not observed.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Heterodera schachtii ; Beta vulgaris ; Monosomic additions ; Molecular markers ; Disease resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In cultivated beet no useful level of resistance of the beet cyst nematode (BCN) Heterodera schachtii Schm. has been found, unlike the situation in wild species of the section Procumbentes. Stable introgression of resistance genes from the wild species into Beta vulgaris has not been achieved, but resistant monosomic additions (2n =18 + 1), diploids of B. vulgaris with an extra alien chromosome carrying the resistance locus, have been obtained. Here we describe a new series of resistant monosomic fragment addition material of B. patellaris chromosome 1 (pat-1). We further describe the cloning of a single-copy DNA marker that specifically hybridizes with a monosomic addition fragment of approximately 8 Mb (AN5-90) carrying the BCN resistance locus. This marker and another fragment-specific, single-copy DNA marker probably flank the BCN locus on the addition fragment present in the AN5-203 material, which is approximately 19 Mb in size. Furthermore, several specific repetitive DNA markers have been isolated, one of which hybridizes to AN5-90 and also to DNA from a smaller DNA segment of Beta procumbens, present in line B883, carrying a BCN resistance locus introgressed into the B. vulgaris genome. This suggests that the specific repetitive marker is closely linked to the BCN locus.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Beta vulgaris ; Beta patellaris ; Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; beet cyst nematode ; Heterodera schachtii ; nematode resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Hairy roots, induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, were obtained of nematode susceptible beet plants (Beta vulgaris) and of the nematode resistant alien monotelosomic addition AN5, carrying a telosome from B. patellaris. The additional telosome was found to be stably present in vitro in the roots of AN5. The hairy root cultures were inoculated with larvae of the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. On the root culture of AN5 significantly less cysts developed than on the other root cultures. These results indicate that the resistance to the beet cyst nematode is expressed in the roots after transformation and can be monitored under in vitro conditions.
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