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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias (SED) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders characterized by disproportionate short stature and pleiotropic involvement of the skeletal and ocular systems. Evidence has suggested that SED may result from structural defects in type II collagen. To confirm the validity of this hypothesis, the structure of the "candidate" type II collagen gene (COL2A1) has been directly examined in a relatively large SED family. Coarse scanning of the gene by Southern blot hybridization identified an abnormal restriction pattern in one of the affected members of the kindred. Analysis of selected genomic fragments, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, precisely localized the molecular defect and demonstrated that all affected family members carried the same heterozygous single-exon deletion. As a consequence of the mutation, nearly 90 percent of the assembled type II collagen homotrimers are expected to contain one or more procollagen subunits harboring an interstitial deletion of 36 amino acids in the triple helical domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, B -- Vissing, H -- Ramirez, F -- Rogers, D -- Rimoin, D -- AR-38648/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-22657/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Deletion ; Collagen/*genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Osteochondrodysplasias/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Procollagen/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-05-21
    Description: Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance clinical deliberations regarding stem cell transplantation. Eleven hESC lines were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of skin cells from patients with disease or injury into donated oocytes. These lines, nuclear transfer (NT)-hESCs, grown on human feeders from the same NT donor or from genetically unrelated individuals, were established at high rates, regardless of NT donor sex or age. NT-hESCs were pluripotent, chromosomally normal, and matched the NT patient's DNA. The major histocompatibility complex identity of each NT-hESC when compared to the patient's own showed immunological compatibility, which is important for eventual transplantation. With the generation of these NT-hESCs, evaluations of genetic and epigenetic stability can be made. Additional work remains to be done regarding the development of reliable directed differentiation and the elimination of remaining animal components. Before clinical use of these cells can occur, preclinical evidence is required to prove that transplantation of differentiated NT-hESCs can be safe, effective, and tolerated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hwang, Woo Suk -- Roh, Sung Il -- Lee, Byeong Chun -- Kang, Sung Keun -- Kwon, Dae Kee -- Kim, Sue -- Kim, Sun Jong -- Park, Sun Woo -- Kwon, Hee Sun -- Lee, Chang Kyu -- Lee, Jung Bok -- Kim, Jin Mee -- Ahn, Curie -- Paek, Sun Ha -- Chang, Sang Sik -- Koo, Jung Jin -- Yoon, Hyun Soo -- Hwang, Jung Hye -- Hwang, Youn Young -- Park, Ye Soo -- Oh, Sun Kyung -- Kim, Hee Sun -- Park, Jong Hyuk -- Moon, Shin Yong -- Schatten, Gerald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1777-83. Epub 2005 May 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea. hwangws@snu.ac.kr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Agammaglobulinemia ; Blastocyst/*cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cloning, Organism ; DNA Fingerprinting ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; HLA Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Karyotyping ; Male ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocyte Donation ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Tissue and Organ Procurement
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Mutations that deregulate Notch1 and Ras/phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling are prevalent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL), and often coexist. Here we show that the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 is active against primary T-ALLs from wild-type and Kras(G12D) mice, and addition of the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 increases its efficacy. Mice invariably relapsed after treatment with drug-resistant clones, most of which unexpectedly had reduced levels of activated Notch1 protein, downregulated many Notch1 target genes, and exhibited cross-resistance to gamma-secretase inhibitors. Multiple resistant primary T-ALLs that emerged in vivo did not contain somatic Notch1 mutations present in the parental leukaemia. Importantly, resistant clones upregulated PI3K signalling. Consistent with these data, inhibiting Notch1 activated the PI3K pathway, providing a likely mechanism for selection against oncogenic Notch1 signalling. These studies validate PI3K as a therapeutic target in T-ALL and raise the unexpected possibility that dual inhibition of PI3K and Notch1 signalling could promote drug resistance in T-ALL.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213126/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213126/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dail, Monique -- Wong, Jason -- Lawrence, Jessica -- O'Connor, Daniel -- Nakitandwe, Joy -- Chen, Shann-Ching -- Xu, Jin -- Lee, Leslie B -- Akagi, Keiko -- Li, Qing -- Aster, Jon C -- Pear, Warren S -- Downing, James R -- Sampath, Deepak -- Shannon, Kevin -- K08 CA134649/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K99 CA157950/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA119070/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA021765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA180037/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA072614/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA72614/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA084221/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 25;513(7519):512-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13495. Epub 2014 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics and Benniof Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. ; Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA. ; Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. ; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Brigham &Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Clone Cells/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Diphenylamine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/genetics ; Drug Synergism ; Genes, ras/genetics ; Indazoles/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*drug ; therapy/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sulfonamides/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: The rapid antidepressant response after ketamine administration in treatment-resistant depressed patients suggests a possible new approach for treating mood disorders compared to the weeks or months required for standard medications. However, the mechanisms underlying this action of ketamine [a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist] have not been identified. We observed that ketamine rapidly activated the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, leading to increased synaptic signaling proteins and increased number and function of new spine synapses in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Moreover, blockade of mTOR signaling completely blocked ketamine induction of synaptogenesis and behavioral responses in models of depression. Our results demonstrate that these effects of ketamine are opposite to the synaptic deficits that result from exposure to stress and could contribute to the fast antidepressant actions of ketamine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116441/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116441/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Nanxin -- Lee, Boyoung -- Liu, Rong-Jian -- Banasr, Mounira -- Dwyer, Jason M -- Iwata, Masaaki -- Li, Xiao-Yuan -- Aghajanian, George -- Duman, Ronald S -- 2P01 MH25642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH45481/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-30/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-31/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P01 MH025642-32/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-14/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH045481-15/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 20;329(5994):959-64. doi: 10.1126/science.1190287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Center for Genes and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20724638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Dendritic Spines/drug effects/metabolism ; Depression/drug therapy/metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/agonists ; Ketamine/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Phenols/pharmacology ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Sirolimus/pharmacology ; Synapses/*drug effects/metabolism ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-01-07
    Description: Mechanisms that maintain cancer stem cells are crucial to tumour progression. The ID2 protein supports cancer hallmarks including the cancer stem cell state. HIFalpha transcription factors, most notably HIF2alpha (also known as EPAS1), are expressed in and required for maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the pathways that are engaged by ID2 or drive HIF2alpha accumulation in CSCs have remained unclear. Here we report that DYRK1A and DYRK1B kinases phosphorylate ID2 on threonine 27 (Thr27). Hypoxia downregulates this phosphorylation via inactivation of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. The activity of these kinases is stimulated in normoxia by the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD1 (also known as EGLN2). ID2 binds to the VHL ubiquitin ligase complex, displaces VHL-associated Cullin 2, and impairs HIF2alpha ubiquitylation and degradation. Phosphorylation of Thr27 of ID2 by DYRK1 blocks ID2-VHL interaction and preserves HIF2alpha ubiquitylation. In glioblastoma, ID2 positively modulates HIF2alpha activity. Conversely, elevated expression of DYRK1 phosphorylates Thr27 of ID2, leading to HIF2alpha destabilization, loss of glioma stemness, inhibition of tumour growth, and a more favourable outcome for patients with glioblastoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Sang Bae -- Frattini, Veronique -- Bansal, Mukesh -- Castano, Angelica M -- Sherman, Dan -- Hutchinson, Keino -- Bruce, Jeffrey N -- Califano, Andrea -- Liu, Guangchao -- Cardozo, Timothy -- Iavarone, Antonio -- Lasorella, Anna -- R01CA101644/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA131126/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA178546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01NS061776/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Jan 14;529(7585):172-7. doi: 10.1038/nature16475. Epub 2016 Jan 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York 10014, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26735018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cullin Proteins/metabolism ; Glioblastoma/*metabolism/*pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases/metabolism ; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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