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  • 1
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    Sex-biased hatching order and adaptive population divergence in a passerine bird (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-12
    Description: Most species of birds can lay only one egg per day until a clutch is complete, and the order in which eggs are laid often has strong and sex-specific effects on offspring growth and survival. In two recently established populations of the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) in Montana and Alabama, breeding females simultaneously adjusted the sex and growth of offspring in relation to their position in the laying order, thereby reducing the mortality of sons and daughters by 10 to 20% in both environments. We show experimentally that the reduction in mortality is produced by persistent and sex-specific maternal effects on the growth and morphology of offspring. These strong parental effects may have facilitated the rapid adaptive divergence among populations of house finches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Badyaev, Alexander V -- Hill, Geoffrey E -- Beck, Michelle L -- Dervan, Anne A -- Duckworth, Renee A -- McGraw, Kevin J -- Nolan, Paul M -- Whittingham, Linda A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 11;295(5553):316-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. abadyaev@selway.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11786641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Alabama ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Weight ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Male ; Montana ; Oviposition ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Songbirds/anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Tarsus, Animal/anatomy & histology/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Miniature genome in the marine chordate Oikopleura dioica (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seo, H C -- Kube, M -- Edvardsen, R B -- Jensen, M F -- Beck, A -- Spriet, E -- Gorsky, G -- Thompson, E M -- Lehrach, H -- Reinhardt, R -- Chourrout, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sars [corrected] Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Thormo- hlensgt. 55, 5020 Bergen, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Ciona intestinalis/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA, Intergenic ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Genes ; *Genome ; Introns ; Male ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/chemistry ; Urochordata/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Kuru is an acquired prion disease largely restricted to the Fore linguistic group of the Papua New Guinea Highlands, which was transmitted during endocannibalistic feasts. Heterozygosity for a common polymorphism in the human prion protein gene (PRNP) confers relative resistance to prion diseases. Elderly survivors of the kuru epidemic, who had multiple exposures at mortuary feasts, are, in marked contrast to younger unexposed Fore, predominantly PRNP 129 heterozygotes. Kuru imposed strong balancing selection on the Fore, essentially eliminating PRNP 129 homozygotes. Worldwide PRNP haplotype diversity and coding allele frequencies suggest that strong balancing selection at this locus occurred during the evolution of modern humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mead, Simon -- Stumpf, Michael P H -- Whitfield, Jerome -- Beck, Jonathan A -- Poulter, Mark -- Campbell, Tracy -- Uphill, James B -- Goldstein, David -- Alpers, Michael -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- Collinge, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):640-3. Epub 2003 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Prion Unit, and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cannibalism ; Child ; Codon ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/genetics ; Disease Outbreaks/*history ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kuru/epidemiology/genetics/*history/transmission ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Methionine/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Papua New Guinea/epidemiology ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; PrPC Proteins/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Valine/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Acquired dendritic channelopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-27
    Description: Inherited channelopathies are at the origin of many neurological disorders. Here we report a form of channelopathy that is acquired in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common form of epilepsy in adults. The excitability of CA1 pyramidal neuron dendrites was increased in TLE because of decreased availability of A-type potassium ion channels due to transcriptional (loss of channels) and posttranslational (increased channel phosphorylation by extracellular signal-regulated kinase) mechanisms. Kinase inhibition partly reversed dendritic excitability to control levels. Such acquired channelopathy is likely to amplify neuronal activity and may contribute to the initiation and/or propagation of seizures in TLE.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernard, Christophe -- Anderson, Anne -- Becker, Albert -- Poolos, Nicholas P -- Beck, Heinz -- Johnston, Daniel -- MH44754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH48432/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS37444/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS39943/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 23;305(5683):532-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cbernard@inmed.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15273397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology ; 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Butadienes/pharmacology ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiopathology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Nitriles/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Pilocarpine/administration & dosage ; Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Shal Potassium Channels
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine in wild black bears (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: In winter, the ratio of serum urea to serum creatinine is 10 or less in denning female and male bears. In midsummer it is 22 or more, similar to that of other mammals. However, in late summer and early fall, while food is available, the urea-to-creatinine ratio approaches or becomes 10 or less. The low value of this ratio appears to indicate the biochemical state of hibernation, and many bears are in this state weeks before they den.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelson, R A -- Beck, T D -- Steiger, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):841-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6494914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*blood ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/*blood/physiology ; Carnivora/*blood ; Creatinine/*blood ; Diet ; Female ; Food Supply ; Hibernation ; Male ; Seasons ; Urea/*blood ; Ursidae/*blood/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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