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  • Maize  (6)
  • Chemistry  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genetic factors for alachlor tolerance in maize by molecular markers analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 251 (1996), S. 551-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Maize ; Herbicide ; Molecular markers ; Gametophytic selection ; Linkage analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic factors controlling tolerance to the herbicide Alachlor in maize were localised by means of two different strategies. In the first approach, backcross (BC) plants, derived from pollen which had been subjected to selective pressure for resistance to the herbicide, were analysed for segregation distortion at 47 RFLP loci and compared to BC plants obtained from non-selected pollen. Preferential transmission of five chromosomal regions where putative QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) are localised was revealed in the BC plants from selected pollen. A second approach was based on a classical linkage analysis for segregation of the same set of RFLPs and factors controlling the trait, in a BC population of 210 individuals, by means of regression analysis. This study detected seven significant loci in four genomic regions. Overall, two loci revealed both segregation distortion and association with the expression of the trait, indicating linkage to genes expressed in both gametophytic and sporophytic phase. Three chromosomal regions appeared to carry factors involved in plant tolerance to Alachlor which are not expressed in pollen. Conversely, three loci were linked to factors selectable in pollen, but did not reveal significant association with tolerance in the plant in the segregating populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02173644
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Male gametophytic selection in maize (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Pollen ; Gametophytic selection ; Competitive ability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary There is evidence that male gametophyte selection is a widespread phenomenon in higher plants. The pollen tube growth rate is one of the main components of gametophyte selective value; genetic variability for this trait, due to the effect of single genes or to quantitative variation, has been described in maize. However, indication of gametophytic selection has been indirectly obtained; its effect was revealed by the positive relation observed between gametophyte competitive ability and sporophyte metrical traits. This paper considers the results of selection applied to gametophyte populations produced from single plants. The competitive ability of the lines was evaluated in comparison with that of a standard line by means of the pollen mixture technique. Sporophytic traits were measured in the hybrid progeny obtained by crossing selected S3 and S4 families with an unrelated single cross and an inbred line. Gametophyte selection produced inbred lines with high gametophyte competitive ability. In view of the selection procedure adopted, this result was interpreted as an indication of haploid expression of genes involved in the control of pollen tube growth. Moreover, this gametophytic trait was positively correlated with sporophytic traits (seedling weight, kernel weight and root tip growth in vitro), indicating that both groups of characters have a common genetic basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Similarity of maize and sorghum genomes as revealed by maize RFLP probes (1992)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 84 (1992), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Sorghum ; Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ; Genetic maps ; Genomic structure ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Densely saturated genetic maps of neutral genetic markers are a prerequisite either for plant breeding programs to improve quantitative traits in crops or for evolutionary studies. cDNA and genomic clones from maize were utilized to initiate the construction of a RFLP linkage map in Sorghum bicolor. To this purpose, an F2 population was produced from starting parental lines IS 18729 (USA) and IS 24756 (Nigeria) that were differentiated with regard to many morphological and agronomical traits. A total of 159 maize clones were hybridized to the genomic DNA of the two parents in order to detect polymorphism: 154 probes hybridized to sorghum and 58 out of these were polymorphic. In almost all of the cases hybridization patterns were similar between maize and sorghum. The analysis of the segregation of 35 polymorphic clones in an F2 population of 149 individuals yielded five linkage groups. The three principal ones recall regions of maize chromosomes 1, 3 and 5: in general, colinearity was maintained. A possible inversion, involving a long region of maize chromosome 3, was detected. Simulations were also performed to empirically obtain a value for the lowest number of individuals of the F2 population needed to obtain the same linkage data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223975
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular markers (RFLPs and HSPs) for the genetic dissection of thermotolerance in maize (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 713-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Thermotolerance ; Membrane stability ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Heat shock proteins ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cellular membrane stability (CMS) is a physiological index widely used to evaluate thermostability in plants. The genetic basis of the character has been studied following two different approaches: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, and the effects of segregating heat shock protein (HSP) loci. RFLP analysis was based on a set of recombinant inbreds derived from the T32 × CM37 F1 hybrid and characterized for about 200 RFLP loci. Heritability of CMS estimated by standard quantitative analysis was 0.73. Regression analysis of CMS on RFLPs detected a minimum number of six quantitative trait loci (QTL) accounting for 53% of the genetic variability. The analysis of the matrices of correlation between RFLP loci, either within or between chromosomes, indicates that no false assignment was produced by this analysis. The effect of HSPs on the variability of the CMS was tested for a low-molecular-weight peptide (HSP-17) showing presence-absence of segregation in the B73 × Pa33 F2 population. Although the genetic variability of the character was very high (h 2=0.58) the effect of HSP-17 was not significant, indicating either that the polypeptide is not involved in the determination of the character or that its effect is not statistically detectable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to Gibberella zeae infection in maize (1993)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 241 (1993), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: QTL ; Gibberella zeae ; Maize ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The basic prerequisite for an efficient breeding program to improve levels of resistance to pathogens in plants is the identification of genes controlling the resistance character. If the response to pathogens is under the control of a multilocus system, the utilization of molecular markers becomes essential. Stalk and ear rot caused by Gibberella zeae is a widespread disease of corn: resistance to G. zeae is quantitatively inherited. Our experimental approach to understanding the genetic basis of resistance to Gibberella is to estimate the genetic linkage between available molecular markers and the character, measured as the amount of diseased tissue 40 days after inoculation of a suspension of Fusarium graminearum, the conidial form of G. zeae, into the first stalk internode. Sensitive and resistant parental inbreds were crossed to obtain F1 and F2 populations: the analysis of the segregation of 95 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) clones and 10 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers was performed on a population of 150 F2 individuals. Analysis of resistance was performed on the F3 families obtained by selfing the F2 plants. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection was based either on analysis of regression coefficients between family mean value and allele values in the F2 population, or by means of interval mapping, using MAPMAKER-QTL. A linkage map of maize was obtained, in which four to five genomic regions are shown to carry factors involved in the resistance to G. zeae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280195
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis and mapping of two genes encoding maize glutathione S-transferases (GST I and GST II) (1995)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 248 (1995), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Glutathione S-transferase ; Maize ; Gene expression ; Mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes are encoded by a gene family comprising at least five genes, three of which (Gst I, II andIII) have recently been isolated and sequenced. The enzymes are active as homo or heterodimers and exhibit intraspecific polymorphism including a “null” variant for the two major isoforms expressed in roots. Northern blot analyses performed on total root RNA from “null” and “plus” genotypes, usingGst I- andGst II-specific probes, indicated that theGst I gene controls the expression of the two major GST isoforms expressed in roots.Gst I andGst II were mapped by RFLP analysis using an F2 population of 149 individuals previously characterized.Gst I was localized on the long arm of chromosome 8, while two putativeGst II loci were mapped to chromosomes 8 (70 cM fromGst I) and 10, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der teilschritte der ethylen-hochdruckpolymerisation, 2Teil 1: cf.1.. Druck- und temperaturabhängigkeit der einzelnen geschwindigkeitskonstanten (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 849-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In the first part of this series the individual rate constants of the radical polymerization of ethylene are reported in dependency of pressure at 405 K. By further measurements under 500 - 1750 bar and 400 - 470 K, using again the method of the rotating sector, the dependency of the rate constants on both pressure and temperature was determined. With increasing temperature the rate constant of chain growth kp as well as that of chain termination kt increases. With increasing pressure, kp increases, whereas kt decreases because of the diffusion controlled termination reaction. For the chain growth an activation energy of Ep = 37 kJ/mol and an activiation volume of Δvp≠ = -25,5 ml/mol was found. The activiation parameters of the chain termination are Et = 9,9 kJ/mol and Δvt≠ = 7 ml/mol. Based on these results and literature data the rate constants of different chain transfer reactions involved in the high pressure polymerization of ethylene and their dependency on temperature and pressure were evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840419
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regiospecific Synthesis of 3,4-Disubstituted Furans and ThiophenesDedicated to Professor Xi-Kui Jiang, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 459-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Furans ; Thiophens ; Palladium catalysis ; Coupling reactions ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The regiospecific synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted furans and thiophenes is reviewed. Our initial approach used 3,4-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)furan as a building block, which led to many structurally diverse 3,4-disubstituted furans. Another avenue was explored by using 3,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)furan and 3,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)thiophene as precursors. A variety of unsymmetrically 3,4-disubstituted furans and thiophenes were prepared in this way. The advantages of our strategy lie in its stepwise manner as well as its prospect of yielding 3,4-disubstituted furans and thiophenes with rather different substitution pattern.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970304
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der teilschritte der ethylen-hochdruck-polymerisation, 1. Druckabhängigkeit der einzelnen geschwindigkeitskonstanten (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to calculate the average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution or the branching of low density polyethylene, the individual values of the rate constants of the different reactions involved in the free radical polymerization are required. The method of rotating sector was applied to determine the rate constants of chain propagation and chain termination in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. This first part of the work reports the influence of the pressure. It was found that the rate constant kp of the chain propagation increases with rising pressure whereas the rate constant kt of chain termination decreases. The effect of the pressure on kp can be explained in terms of the activation volume. The decrease of kt with pressure is caused by a diffusion controlled termination reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840120
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