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  • 1
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    Analysis of Doppler lidar wind measurements (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: New analysis methods were developed and refined for the synthesis of wind fields from multiple Doppler radar data. Considerable software was written and debugged for wind field synthesis. The analysis methods were applied to radar data collected during the CCOPE experiment in which lidar wind measurements were also made. The analysis method differs from existing methods in that interpolation (using filters with assigned weights) and advection of data, to account for time differential between data acquisition at different points, are not used. Instead, functional fits were used in space and time coordinates to transfer radial velocity data to a space-time grid. Subsequently the wind synthesis is performed. This method gives better space resolution in the synthesized winds, compared to other methods in common use, by better preserving the gradients of velocities. The wind fields show the cellular structure characteristic of boundary-layer convection. Also evident in the analysis are the sharp transitions and gradients in the wind field which were preserved by the synthesis.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 137-142
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Doppler lidar wind measurements (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Doppler lidar and multiple Doppler radar data were obtained in a convectively mixed planetary boundary layer. The lidar measurements were possible due to scattering from existing aerosols; radar reflecting chaff was released in the atmosphere to make it visible to the multiple Doppler radar network. The data were analyzed to obtain detailed horizontal wind structures. The divergence of the horizontal wind was calculated and the anelastic continuity equation integrated to obtain vertical air motions. Differences between the areally averaged quantities and the grid point values provided a measure of the fluctuations in the wind components or the turbulent wind fluctuations. Vertical profiles of the mean winds and quantities related to the turbulent kinetic energy components and the turbulent momentum transfers were also calculated.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-178849 , NAS 1.26:178849
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  • 3
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    A simple model of evaporatively driven downdraft - Application to microburst downdraft (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that the physics of a downdraft are very different from that of an updraft. An updraft is virtually saturated, while the downdraft can be unsaturated. The present investigation is concerned with the dynamics of a simple one-dimensional, time-dependent model of a downdraft. Earlier treatments are extended on the basis of a number of considerations, taking into account a distribution of drop sizes, modification of the drop size distribution by evaporation, entrainment of environmental air into the downdraft, and, most importantly, explicit calculation of the intensity of the downdraft. A large number of calculations are performed to study the effects of conditions at the top of the downdraft and in the environment.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 42; 1004-102
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Doppler radar observation of the evolution of a thunderstorm (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Triple-Doppler radar observations of the evolution of the three-dimensional structure of a thunderstorm on May 19, 1978 are analyzed. Continuous data were taken over a long period of the non-severe storm's lifetime as it passed through the radar and the portable automated mesonet network. A fairly low cloud top of 10 km and high reflectivities were observed, and horizontal rotations developed in the middle troposphere, which never reached lower levels. The cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations at mid-levels intensified after the maximum cell height was reached, and a high reflectivity maximum lasted 15-20 min aloft, with the core descending to the surface because of rapid fallout from the largest precipitation particles. Due to the fairly small scale of the updrafts, future use of smaller grid spacings is considered a necessity.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: In: Conference on Radar Meteorology; Apr 15, 1980 - Apr 18, 1980; Miami Beach, FL
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Doppler radar study of a region of widespread precipitation trailing a mid-latitude squall line (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 6
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    Doppler radar study of the anvil region associated with a squall line (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A method for analyzing multiple Doppler radar data is briefly described. A feature of this method is a new automated objective unfolding scheme which unfolds Doppler velocities for all the radars simultanceously rather than one radar at a time. The method has been used to study a region of widespread precipitation trailing a squall line (anvil), using tripple Doppler radar data to calculate horizontal winds, divergence, and vertical air velocity over an area 120 km by 120 km by 9 km deep. The method yields vertical profiles of divergence which verify the extended VAD method results of Matejka and Srivastava (1981) for the same anvil, and provides a more detailed picture of the variation of winds, divergence, and vertical air velocity in the anvil behind the squall line.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Conference on Radar Meteorology; Sep 19, 1983 - Sep 23, 1983; Alberta; Canada
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  • 7
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    Precipitation growth in convective clouds (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Analytical solutions to the equations of both the growth and motion of hailstones in updrafts and of cloud water contents which vary linearly with height were used to investigate hail growth in a model cloud. A strong correlation was found between the hail embyro starting position and its trajectory and final size. A simple model of the evolution of particle size distribution by coalescence and spontaneous and binary disintegrations was formulated. Solutions for the mean mass of the distribution and the equilibrium size distribution were obtained for the case of constant collection kernel and disintegration parameters. Azimuthal scans of Doppler velocity at a number of elevation angles were used to calculate high resolution vertical profiles of particle speed and horizontal divergence (the vertical air velocity) in a region of widespread precipitation trailing a mid-latitude squall line.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-164640
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    New explicit equations for the accurate calculation of the growth and evaporation of hydrometeors by the diffusion of water vapor (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The traditional explicit growth equation has been widely used to calculate the growth and evaporation of hydrometeors by the diffusion of water vapor. This paper reexamines the assumptions underlying the traditional equation and shows that large errors (10-30 percent in some cases) result if it is used carelessly. More accurate explicit equations are derived by approximating the saturation vapor-density difference as a quadratic rather than a linear function of the temperature difference between the particle and ambient air. These new equations, which reduce the error to less than a few percent, merit inclusion in a broad range of atmospheric models.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 49; 17 S
    Format: text
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