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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The investigations over the past year have led to the finalization of results from the study of mesoscale atmospheric parameters derived from the visible infrared spin scan radiometer (VISSR) atmospheric sounder (VAS). Soundings from several retrieval techniques for the 6 to 7 March 1982 special observation period were evaluated for mesoscale accuracy. Specific results and comparisons between data from a regression and two physical retrieval schemes are forthcoming in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JTech) this year. A generalization of these results is outlined. Large temperature and moisture biases existed in the VAS derived profiles, particularly in layers near inversions. Standard errors ranged from 1 to 3 C and 3 to 6 C for temperature and dewpoint, respectively. Parameters derived from VAS soundings (geopotential height, thickness, and precipitable water) often reflected the temperature and moisture profile biases. VAS derived mesoscale gradients were often weaker than those from corresponding rawinsonde data. Little improvement was made in defining the vertical structure of the atmosphere over the first guess information. VAS soundings were able to improve in the horizontal structure due to the high spatial resolution of the radiance data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-85 Atmospheric Processes Research Review; 3 p
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The AVE/VAS ground truth field experiment was conducted during the Spring of 1982 severe storms and weather research program. The experiment consisted of acquiring correlative ground truth measurements of rawinsonde data, corresponding to the time and space resolutions of VAS sounding data. The objectives of the AVE/VAS experiment are: (1) to acquire four dimensional data sets of the actual atmospheric structure down to the mesoscale; (2) to provide measurements for quantitative comparisons between ground based and VAS-derived atmospheric parameters; (3) to evaluate the impact of VAS data on diagnostic analysis of structural features and dynamical processes important to the development of mesoscale phenomena; (4) to evaluate the impact of VAS data on numerical model simulations, nowcasting, and other mesoscale forecasting systems.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) Res. Rev.; p 39-43
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Several case studies are examined in an attempt to relate Visible infrared spin scan radiometers Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) water vapor channel radiance data to atmospheric moisture. Since the 6.7 micrometer channel detects radiation emitted by atmospheric water vapor from a rather thick layer, a scheme is developed which weighted rawinsonde observations of relative humidity in a similar manner. A comparison of the two fields (weighted relative humidity values from gridded rawinsonde observations and the VAS water vapor image) indicates that even when mesoscale data are used, the technique only presented a smooth representation of the radiance field. This weighting function is dependent on both the temperature and moisture distribution of the atmosphere. Cross sections of relative humidity from the mesoscale rawinsondes are produced which sliced the water vapor imagery in particularly interesting regions (areas of high and low blackbody temperatures). Comparisons are then made between the cross sections and the variations in the VAS radiance data along the cross section line. Bright regions in the water vapor imagery (cold blackbody temperatures) are often associated with thin layers of high relative humidity or thick layers of only moderately moist air. The reverse also applies, i.e., dark regions (warm blackbody temperatures) in the imagery corresponded well with very dry regions in the cross sections.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 165-166
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A combined modelling and data analysis is used to examine the initiation and development of a hail-producing mesoscale convective system which developed over the Texas panhandle near Amarillo, Texas, on April 24, 1982, and propagated east into Oklahoma. This event occurred during the NASA AVE-VAS IV experiment, as a dense upper air mesoscale network was collecting data at three-hour intervals. The results show that both synoptic and mesoscale processes separately and in concert help to force the convection. The destabilization of the atmosphere due to cold advection is important in removing any cap to deep convective development. The upper level moistening due to flow from the northwest also helps to increase the convective instability of the atmosphere. The mesoscale convergence due to cloud shading appears dominant over that of topography, but the latter cannot be ignored, especially in its sustained effect. The developing mesoscale circulation also appears to tap a surface supply of moisture feeding the convection.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: In order to account for the temporal and spatial discrepancies between the VAS and rawinsonde soundings, the rawinsonde data were adjusted to a common hour of release where the new observation time corresponded to the satellite scan time. Both the satellite and rawinsonde observations of the basic atmospheric parameters (T Td, and Z) were objectively analyzed to a uniform grid maintaining the same mesoscale structure in each data set. The performance of each retrieval algorithm in producing accurate and representative soundings was evaluated using statistical parameters such as the mean, standard deviation, and root mean square of the difference fields for each parameter and grid level. Horizontal structure was also qualitatively evaluated by examining atmospheric features on constant pressure surfaces. An analysis of the vertical structure of the atmosphere were also performed by looking at colocated and grid mean vertical profiles of both the satellite and rawinsonde data sets. Highlights of these results are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 213-215
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A very simple and straight forward approach to produce mesoscale analyses of VAS data over a large area (which may contain cloudy regions) with good temporal and spatial consistency. Commonly used objective analysis schemes are very effective in producing gridded fields of meteorological parameters where data spacing is uniformly spread over the entire analysis region. The amount of detail contained in these fields can be controlled to produce consisted mesoscale analyses.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 167-170
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Science issues, definition, instrument design studies, and hardware procurement for the multispectral atmospheric mapping sensor aircraft prototype, were all started and partially completed. The science issues for a shuttle atmospheric science experiment were defined around the precipitation processes question and results submitted and accepted for publication. Mission science objectives and payload definitions studies for the shuttle Earth observation experiment mission series were begun.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 223
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique which analyzes irregularly spaced satellite data is described. An experiment with rawinsonde and VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (VAS) radiance measurements collected on March 6-7, 1982 is conducted to reveal the applicability of the technique. The rawinsonde data are analyzed on a 16 x 12 grid using the two pass analysis scheme of Barnes (1973). A scheme similar to the Barnes (1973) procedure is employed to produce gridded analysis of VAS data over a 200 x 15000 km region in central part of the U.S. The use of a correction pass on the initial gridded field is described; the technique is extremely effective on uniformly spaced observations. The incorporation of the limited fine mesh model to the scheme to analyze data in sparse and cloudy regions is examined. A comparison of rawinsonde data with VAS data is provided. The technique proves effective for studying cloudy and sparse areas with VAS data and produces a four-dimensional data set with significant mesoscale structure.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: During the fall of 1993, NASA sponsored a field program called the Convection And Moisture Experiment (CAMEX). The field effort focused on: convective storms in order to investigate their associated electrical properties, precipitation, and predictability, and atmospheric moisture studies. The data collected from the Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) onboard a NASA ER-2 aircraft which was deployed out of NASA/Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, from 11 Sep. through 7 Oct., 1993, is described.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-108435 , NAS 1.15:108435
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Sounding data which were derived from VAS radiance measurements and anticipated increased time and space resolution of the mesoscale environment are outlined. The new data presents problems which are not encounted when using conventional measurements because of the irregular spacing of the data, biases in the data, and errors due to cloud contaminated measurements. These problems are addressed and an analysis technique which utilizes LFM guess fields to produce a consistent four dimensional data set which describes the mesoscale environment over a large area is presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-82574 , NAS 1.15:82574
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