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  • 1
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    A statistical method for time-continuous assimilation of remote sounding temperatures (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: A time-continuous statistical method is presented for the four-dimensional assimilation of remote sounding temperatures based on radiometric measurements from polar-orbiting satellites. This method is applied to DST-6 data from the NOAA-4 and Nimbus-6 satellites. Experiments are reported in which the state of the atmosphere throughout the test period was determined using a varying amount of satellite data and in which different methods were used for their assimilation. Data from the NOAA-4 satellite only, from Nimbus-6 only, and from both satellites together were used; the methods tested include different variations of the statistical method as well as more traditional methods. The conclusions are that: (1) satellite-derived temperature data can have a modest, but statistically significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction in the two-to-three day range; (2) this impact is highly sensitive to the quantity of data available; and (3) the assimilation method plays a major role in the magnitude of the impact for the same data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d NASA Weather and Climate Program Sci. Rev.; p 93-103
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  • 2
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    Some experiments on the effect of remote sounding temperatures upon weather forecasting (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-27
    Description: A time-continuous statistical method is presented for the four dimensional assimilation of remote sounding temperatures based on radiance measurements from polar orbiting satellites. This method is applied to DST 6 data from the NOAA 4 and Nimbus 6 satellites. The state of the atmosphere throughout the test period was determined using a varying amount of satellite data from the NOAA 4 satellite only, from Nimbus 6 only, and from both satellites together. The methods tested included different variations of the statistical method, as well as more traditional methods. It is concluded that satellite derived temperature data can have a modest, but statistically significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction in the two to three day range, and that this impact is highly sensitive to the quantity of data available and to the assimilation method used.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints, 1978 - 1979, Vol. 1; p 175-199
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  • 3
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    Extreme weather events (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Models that try to forecast the detailed geographical distribution of oceanic and atmospheric variables affected by the ENSO cycle are briefly discussed. Combinations of singular-spectrum analysis and the maximum entropy method that hold promise for predicting the ENSO cycle 2-3 yrs in advance are addressed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 358; 6387,
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  • 4
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    Adaptive filtering and prediction of the Southern Oscillation index (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Singular spectrum analysis (SSA), a variant of principal component analysis, is applied to a time series of the Southern Oscillation index (SOI). The analysis filters out variability unrelated to the Southern Oscillation and separates the high-frequency, 2- to 3-year variability, including the quasi-biennial oscillation, from the lower-frequency 4- to 6-year El Nino cycle. The maximum entropy method (MEM) is applied to forecasting the prefiltered SOI. Prediction based on MEM-associated autoregresive models has useful skill for 30-36 months. A 1993-1994 La Nina event is predicted based on data through February 1992.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D18; p. 20,449-20,454.
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  • 5
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    Global surface wind and flux fields from model assimilation of Seasat data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Procedures for dealiasing Seasat data and developing global surface wind and latent and sensible heat flux fields are discussed. Seasat data from September 20, 1978 was dealiased using the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) analysis/forecast system. The wind data obtained with the objective GLA forecast model are compared to the data subjectively dealiased by Peteherych et al. (1984) and Hoffman (1982, 1984). The GLA procedure is also verified using simulated Seasat data. The areas of high and low heat fluxes and cyclonic and anticyclonic wind stresses detected in the generated fields are analyzed and compared to climatological fields. It is observed that there is good correlation between the time-averaged analyses of wind stress obtained subjectively and objectively, and the monthly mean wind stress and latent fluxes agree with climatological fields and atmospheric and oceanic features.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 6
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    The effect of model resolution and satellite sounding data on GLAS model forecasts (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effect of horizontal model resolution on satellite data impact has been studied for two versions of the GLAS second-order general circulation model: the C-model with a 4-deg latitude by 5-deg longitude resolution and the F-model with a 2.5-deg latitude and 3-deg longitude resolution. It is found that the 48-72 h forecast skill of the GLAS model was significantly improved by the increased resolution. Initial state differences between the SAT and NOSAT cycles using the F-model were on the average smaller than the corresponding differences with the C-model. However, the F-model cycle differences exhibited a smaller scale structure and, in some cases, larger gradients.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 110; July 198
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  • 7
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    The relative contributions of increased resolution in the data assimilation and in the forecast model to satellite data impact (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Assimilation cycles were carried out with two versions of the GLAS second order GCM: a coarse version with 4 deg latitude by 5 deg longitude resolution, called the C model, and a fine version with 2.5 deg latitude by 3 deg longitude resolution called the F model. For the two DST-6 cases where the combined influence of satellite data and model resolution are at a maximum at sea level, the relative contributions of increased resolution in the data assimilation and in the forecast models were evaluated. F model forecasts were generated from the C model SAT assimilation interpolated by the F grid, and C model forecasts were generated from the F model SAT assimilation interpolated to the C grid. These forecasts were then compared with the corresponding forecasts which had utilized the same grid resolution in the data assimilation and forecast models, CS and FS.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Modeling and Simulation Facility: Res. Rev., 1980 - 1981; p 11-13
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  • 8
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    Wind laws for shockless initialization (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A system of diagnostic equations for the velocity field, or wind laws, was derived for each of a number of models of large-scale atmospheric flow. The derivation in each case is mathematically exact and does not involve any physical assumptions not already present in the prognostic equations, such as nondivergence or vanishing of derivatives of the divergence. Therefore, initial states computed by solving these diagnostic equations should be compatible with the type of motion described by the prognostic equations of the model and should not generate initialization shocks when inserted into the model. Numerical solutions of the diagnostic system corresponding to a barotropic model are exhibited. Some problems concerning the possibility of implementing such a system in operational numerical weather prediction are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Deut. Wetterdienst Ann. of Meteorol. No. 11; p 112-115
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  • 9
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    Time-continuous assimilation of remote-sounding data and its effect on weather forecasting (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Methods were developed for the time-continuous assimilation of satellite-sounding temperature data: direct insertion method, asynoptic successive correction method, and local linear regression method. These methods were applied to DST-6 data from the operational and experimental temperature sounders aboard the NOAA 4 and Nimbus 6 satellites. Attention is given to a comparison of these methods and their effect on the accuracy of the initial states obtained, as well as the resulting forecasts generated from these initial states. The results suggest that (1) satellite-derived temperature data can have a modest though statistically significant positive impact on numerical weather prediction in the 2-3 day range; (2) the impact is highly sensitive to the quantity of data available; and (3) the method of satellite-data assimilation can substantially influence the magnitude of the impact obtained for the same data.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 107; Feb. 197
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  • 10
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    Applications of estimation theory to numerical weather prediction (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Numerical weather prediction (NWP) is an initial value problem for a system of nonlinear partial differential equations in which the initial values are known only incompletely and inaccurately. Data at initial time can be supplemented, however, by observations of the system distributed over a time interval preceding it. Estimation theory was successful in approaching such problems for models governed by systems of ordinary differential equations and of linear PDEs. Estimation-theoretic methods for NWP are developed. A model exhibiting many features of large scale atmospheric flow important in NWP is the one governed by the shallow fluid equations. The estimation problem for a linearized formulation of these equations is studied. A finite difference version of the equations is used as a forecast model to simulate the numerical models used in NWP.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Modeling and Simulation Facility: Res. Rev., 1980 - 1981 (SEE N82-25551 16-42)
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