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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (10)
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  • 1
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    Spatial analysis of storm depths from an Arizona raingage network (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eight years of summer rainstorm observations are analyzed by a dense network of 93 raingages operated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, in the 150 km Walnut Gulch experimental catchment near Tucson, Arizona. Storms are defined by the total depths collected at each raingage during the noon-to-noon period for which there was depth recorded at any of the gages. For each of the resulting 428 storm days, the gage depths are interpolated onto a dense grid and the resulting random field analyzed to obtain moments, isohyetal plots, spatial correlation function, variance function, and the spatial distribution of storm depth.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-177186 , NAS 1.26:177186 , R86-21 , REPT-306
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Spatial characteristics of observed precipitation fields: A catalog of summer storms in Arizona, Volume 2 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The parameters of the conceptual model are evaluated from the analysis of eight years of summer rainstorm data from the dense raingage network in the Walnut Gulch catchment near Tucson, Arizona. The occurrence of measurable rain at any one of the 93 gages during a noon to noon day defined a storm. The total rainfall at each of the gages during a storm day constituted the data set for a single storm. The data are interpolated onto a fine grid and analyzed to obtain: an isohyetal plot at 2 mm intervals, the first three moments of point storm depth, the spatial correlation function, the spatial variance function, and the spatial distribution of the total storm depth. The description of the data analysis and the computer programs necessary to read the associated data tapes are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-176823 , NAS 1.26:176823 , MIT-R-86-03-VOL-2 , MIT-307-VOL-2
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  • 3
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    Spatial characteristics of observed precipitation fields: A catalog of summer storms in Arizona, Volume 1 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Eight years of summer raingage observations are analyzed for a dense, 93 gage, network operated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, in their 150 sq km Walnut Gulch catchment near Tucson, Arizona. Storms are defined by the total depths collected at each raingage during the noon to noon period for which there was depth recorded at any of the gages. For each of the resulting 428 storms, the 93 gage depths are interpolated onto a dense grid and the resulting random field is anlyzed. Presented are: storm depth isohyets at 2 mm contour intervals, first three moments of point storm depth, spatial correlation function, spatial variance function, and the spatial distribution of total rainstorm depth.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-176824 , NAS 1.26:176824 , MIT-R-86-03-VOL-1 , MIT-307-VOL-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Areal coverage of storm precipitation (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The probability distributions of the spatial distribution of precipitation from storms of different types were studied. The occurrence of wetted rainstorm area within a catchment was modeled as a Poisson arrival process in which each storm is composed of stationary, nonoverlapping, independent random cell clusters whose centers are Poisson-distributed as through fractals. The portion of a catchment covered by a stationary rainstorm was modeled by the common area of two overlapping circles. The first two moments of the distribution of the common area were derived from purely geometrical considerations. The spatial structure of the depth of rainfall from a stationary rainstorm was investigated using point process techniques. Total storm rainfall at the center of each cell is a random variable, and rainfall is distributed around the center specified by a spread function that may incorporate random parameters.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-177836 , NAS 1.26:177836
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  • 5
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    The distribution of catchment coverage by stationary rainstorms (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The occurrence of wetted rainstorm area within a catchment is modeled as a Poisson arrival process in which each storm is composed of stationary, nonoverlapping, independent random cell clusters whose centers are Poisson-distributed in space and whose areas are fractals. The two Poisson parameters and hence the first two moments of the wetted fraction are derived in terms of catchment average characteristics of the (observable) station precipitation. The model is used to estimate spatial properties of tropical air mass thunderstorms on six tropical catchments in the Sudan.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Water Resources Research (ISSN 0043-1397); 30; 581-590
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Parameterizations are developed for the representation of subgrid hydrologic processes in atmospheric general circulation models. Reasonable a priori probability density functions of the spatial variability of soil moisture and of precipitation are introduced. These are used in conjunction with the deterministic equations describing basic soil moisture physics to derive expressions for the hydrologic processes that include subgrid scale variation in parameters. The major model sensitivities to soil type and to climatic forcing are explored.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755); 2; 816-831
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Moments of catchment storm area (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The portion of a catchment covered by a stationary rainstorm is modeled by the common area of two overlapping circles. Given that rain occurs within the catchment and conditioned by fixed storm and catchment sizes, the first two moments of the distribution of the common area are derived from purely geometrical considerations. The variance of the wetted fraction is shown to peak when the catchment size is equal to the size of the predominant storm. The conditioning on storm size is removed by assuming a probability distribution based upon the observed fractal behavior of cloud and rainstorm areas.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Water Resources Research (ISSN 0043-1397); 21; 1185-119
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Spatial modelling of total storm rainfall (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The spatial structure of the depth of rainfall from a stationary storm event is investigated by using point process techniques. Cells are assumed to be stationary and to be distributed in space either independently according to a Poisson process, or with clustering according to a Neyman-Scott scheme. Total storm rainfall at the centre of each cell is a random variable and rainfall is distributed around the centre in a way specified by a spread function that may incorporate random parameters. The mean, variance and covariance structure of the precipitation depth at a point are obtained for different spread functions. For exponentially distributed centre depth and a spread function having quadratically exponential decay, the total storm depth at any point in the field is shown to have a gamma distribution. The probability of zero rainfall at a point is investigated, as is the stochastic variability of model parameters from storm to storm. Data from the Upper Rio Guaire basin in Venezuela are used in illustration.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Proceedings, Series A - Mathematical and Physical Sciences (ISSN 0080-4630); 403; 1824
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  • 9
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    Application of spatial Poisson process models to air mass thunderstorm rainfall (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Eight years of summer storm rainfall observations from 93 stations in and around the 154 sq km Walnut Gulch catchment of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in Arizona are processed to yield the total station depths of 428 storms. Statistical analysis of these random fields yields the first two moments, the spatial correlation and variance functions, and the spatial distribution of total rainfall for each storm. The absolute and relative worth of three Poisson models are evaluated by comparing their prediction of the spatial distribution of storm rainfall with observations from the second half of the sample. The effect of interstorm parameter variation is examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 9661-967
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  • 10
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    Estimation of continental precipitation recycling (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The total amount of water that precipitates on large continental regions is supplied by two mechanisms: 1) advection from the surrounding areas external to the region and 2) evaporation and transpiration from the land surface within the region. The latter supply mechanism is tantamount to the recycling of precipitation over the continental area. The degree to which regional precipitation is supplied by recycled moisture is a potentially significant climate feedback mechanism and land surface-atmosphere interaction, which may contribute to the persistence and intensification of droughts. Gridded data on observed wind and humidity in the global atmosphere are used to determine the convergence of atmospheric water vapor over continental regions. A simplified model of the atmospheric moisture over continents and simultaneous estimates of regional precipitation are employed to estimate, for several large continental regions, the fraction of precipitation that is locally derived. The results indicate that the contribution of regional evaporation to regional precipitation varies substantially with location and season. For the regions studied, the ratio of locally contributed to total monthly precipitation generally lies between 0. 10 and 0.30 but is as high as 0.40 in several cases.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755); 6; 6; p. 1077-1089.
    Format: text
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