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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of transport processes in single crystal growth from the melt (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 881-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The quality of large semiconductor crystals grown from the melt for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices is strongly influenced by the intricate coupling of heat and mass transfer and melt flow in growth systems. This paper reviews the present state of understanding of these processes starting from the simplest descriptions of solidification processes to detailed numerical calculations needed for quantitative modeling of processing with solidification. Descriptions of models for the vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger and Czochralski crystal growth techniques are included as examples of the level of understanding of industrially important methods.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340602
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summary of “an operator's experience with stress corrosion cracking of ammonia spheres” (1983)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 2 (1983), S. 258-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720020415
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage detection, repair, and prevention in an ammonia storage sphere (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 1 (1982), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720010207
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  • 4
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    Convection and segregation in directional solidification of dilute and non-dilute binary alloys - Effects of ampoule and furnace design (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A Petrov-Galerkin/finite-element method is used to analyze the effect of furnace configuration and ampoule design on the temperature field, the convection in the melt, the shape of the melt-solid interface, and the segregation of solute in the crystal, in the directional solidification of several dilute and nondilute binary semiconductor alloys. The vertical Bridgman-Stockbarger system leads to a two-cell flow structure, and the constant gradient furnace has only a single cell near the interface. Radial temperature gradients interact with the solute field to cause the previously predicted sideways diffusive instability, and addition of a solute that is less dense than the bulk melt and that is incorporated upon solidification decreases the intensity of the flow near the interface by increasing the melt density there. The present results have application to understanding of the effects on solute segregation of microgavity solidification and of applied magnetic fields.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 80; 155-190
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Effect of vertical magnetic field on convection and segregation in vertical Bridgman crystal growth (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A previous finite-element analysis of vertical Bridgman growth for dilute and nondilute alloys is extended to include the effect of a vertically-aligned magnetic field in the limit of zero magnetic Reynolds number. Calculations are presented for growth of a dilute gallium-germanium alloy in a vertically stabilized Bridgman-Stockbarger system and in a furnace with a uniform temperature gradient imposed along the ampoule. Steady cellular convection driven by radial temperature gradients causes good axial and radial mixing in both systems without a magnetic field. A weak magnetic field decreases the intensity of convection and the effectiveness of solute mixing. The radial nonuniformity is greatest for an intermediate field strength. Stronger fields suppress flow recirculation completely, and lead to uniform solute segregation across the crystal and to diffusion-controlled axial segregation.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 89; 2-3,; 339-356
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Models for convection and segregation in the growth of HgCdTe by the vertical Bridgman method (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Transport processes in the vertical Bridgman growth of Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te were investigated by numerical analysis of an idealized quasi-steady-state model of this system. The analysis was specifically directed at an explanation for the radial and axial segregation data obtained by Szofran and Lehoczky (1984) and Szofran et al. (1984) on this system, who reported, respectively, on the observations of diffusion-controlled axial segregation and on the presence of large compositional nonuniformities of CdTe across the radius of the crystal. It is shown that the data sets of these groups can be explained by the results of a detailed analysis of heat transfer, convection, and species transport which account for thermosolutal convection in the melt and for heat transfer mechanisms that dominate the HgCdTe alloy. Predictions from this analysis is applicable to the growth of other materials, because they suggest conditions for the growth of radially uniform crystals with nearly constant axial composition profiles.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 96; 3, Ju; 609-627
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  • 7
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    Modelling of the dynamics of HgCdTe growth by the vertical Bridgman method (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The analysis of Kim and Brown (1989), which described the pseudo-steady state of the HgCdTe melt/crystal system grown by the vertical Bridgman method, is extended to the study of the transients during the crystal growth and, in particular, at the beginning of the growth. The time-dependent numerical simulations developed show the development of a diffusion layer in the melt and the direct relationship between this layer and the intensity and the pattern of convection in the melt. It is shown that the spread of the solute layer occurs on a diffusive time scale, with the initial transient to the steady-state growth rate lasting several hours for the slow growth rates that are typical of the HgCdTe growth. The simulations demonstrate all the features observed experimentally by Szofran et al. (1984).
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 114; 3, No; 411-434
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Space Station Freedom - A resource for aerospace education (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The role of the International Space Station in future U.S. aerospace education efforts is discussed from a NASA perspective. The overall design concept and scientific and technological goals of the Space Station are reviewed, and particular attention is given to education projects such as the Davis Planetarium Student Space Station, the Starship McCullough, the Space Habitat, the working Space Station model in Austin, TX, the Challenger Center for Space Life Education, Space M+A+X, and the Space Science Student Involvement Program. Also examined are learning-theory aspects of aerospace education: child vs adult learners, educational objectives, teaching methods, and instructional materials.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 88-467
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Space education in the context of U.S. Government multiagency efforts in science and mathematics education (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The status of a multiagency endeavor to involve U.S. Federal agencies in the attainment of National Education Goals for the 1990's is presented. Emphasis is placed on the educational activities of NASA, which is one of 16 Federal agencies on the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology. NASA's is a prototype education program for achieving excellence in mathematics and science in the coming generations of Americans.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: IAF PAPER 91-524
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Space education in the context of U.S. government multiagency efforts in science and mathematics education (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The educational activities of NASA which is one of 16 agencies on the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology is discussed. NASA's education mission is to utilize its unique facilities and its specialized workforce to conduct and to leverage externally conducted science, mathematics, and technology education programs and activities. These efforts aimed at meeting the national education goals should help to preserve U.S. leadership in aeronautics, space science, and technology.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-1687
    Format: text
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