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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Magnetometer observations from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft (MAG/ER on MGS) have confirmed that Mars does not presently have an internally-generated dipole magnetic field, and have also revealed intense remanent magnetism in the Martian crust. The remanent magnetic anomalies, most prevalent in the southern highlands region, are a record of the past history of the internal Mars dipole field. The MAG/ER data constitute a valuable data set for constraining the early thermal evolution of Mars and the history of the planetary magnetic field. However, the data lack the resolution needed to draw definite conclusions regarding the time history of the field. High-resolution magnetometer observations, obtained at low-altitude, are needed to complement and extend the MGS/ER data set and allow a definitive time history of the internal Mars dynamo to be constructed.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Concepts and Approaches for Mars Exploration; Part 2; 259-260; LPI-Contrib-1062-Pt-2
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: The ten-degree tilt of the Jovian magnetic dipole causes the magnetic equator to move back and forth across Jupiter's rotational equator and tile Galileo orbit that lies therein. Beyond about 24 Jovian radii, the equatorial current sheet thins and tile magnetic structure changes from quasi-dipolar into magnetodisk-like with two regions of nearly radial but antiparallel magnetic field separated by a strong current layer. The magnetic field at the center of the current sheet is very weak in this region. Herein we examine tile current sheet at radial distances from 24 55 Jovian radii. We find that the magnetic structure very much resembles tile structure seen at planetary magnetopause and tail current sheet crossings. Tile magnetic field variation is mainly linear with little rotation of the field direction, At times there is almost no small-scale structure present and the normal component of the magnetic field is almost constant through the current sheet. At other times there are strong small-scale structures present in both the southward and northward directions. This small-scale structure appears to grow with radial distance and may provide the seeds for tile explosive reconnection observed at even greater radial distances oil tile nightside. Beyond about 40 Jovian radii, the thin current sheet also appears to be almost constantly in oscillatory motion with periods of about 10 min. The amplitude of these oscillations also appears to grow with radial distance. The source of these fluctuations may be dynamical events in tile more distant magnetodisk.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); Volume 47; 1101-1109
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Galileo, the first artificial satellite of an outer planet, has been orbiting Jupiter since Dec 7, 1995. The spacecraft encounters one of the four Galilean satellites on each orbit.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Nature
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The technological development of solar electric propulsion has advanced significantly over the last few years. Mission planners are now seriously studying which missions would benefit most from solar electric propulsion (SEP) and NASA's Solar System Exploration Division is contributing funding to ground and space qualification tests. In response to the impending release of NASA's Announcement of Opportunity for Discovery class planetary missions, we have undertaken a pre-Phase A study of a SEP mission to the Moon. This mission will not only return a wealth of new scientific data but will open up a whole new era of planetary exploration.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Six previously unseen Pan wakes are found interior and exterior to the Encke gap in Saturn's A ring, one in the Voyager 2 photopolarimeter (PPS) stellar occultation data and five in the Voyager 1 radio science (RSS) Earth occultation data. Pan orbits at the center of the Encke gap and maintains it...The detection of Pan wakes at longitudes greater than 360(deg) demonstrates that wakes persist for much longer than originally hypothesized and may interact with one another.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: By successively orbiting both 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres the Dawn mission directly addresses the longstanding goals of NASA and the planetary community to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system by obtaining geophysical and geochemical data on diverse main belt asteroids. Ceres and Vesta are two complementary terrestrial protoplanets (one apparently "wet" and one "dry"), whose accretion was terminated by the formation of Jupiter. Ceres is little changed since it formed in the early solar system, while Vesta has experienced significant heating and differentiation. Both have remained intact over the age of the solar system, thereby retaining a record of events and processes from the time of planet formation. Detailed study of the geophysics and geochemistry of these two bodies provides critical benchmarks for the early solar system conditions and processes that shaped its subsequent evolution. Dawn provides the missing context for both primitive and evolved meteoritic data, thus playing a central role in understanding terrestrial planet formation and the evolution of the asteroid belt. Dawn is to be launched in May 2006 arriving at Vesta in 2010 and Ceres in 2014, stopping at each to make 11 months of orbital measurements. The spacecraft uses solar electric propulsion both in cruise and in orbit to make most efficient use of its xenon propellant. The spacecraft carries a framing camera, visible and infrared mapping spectrometer, gamma ray/neutron spectrometer, a laser altimeter, magnetometer, and radio science.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV; LPI-Contrib-1156
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: One of the possible loss processes for Saturn s E-ring is ionization followed by acceleration by the electric field associated with the corotating magnetized plasma. It is possible to determine if this process is occurring by detecting electromagnetic waves at the gyrofrequency of water group ions. If the energy the particle gains in this pick-up process is sufficiently great, the picked up ions will generate ion cyclotron waves. Pioneer 11 and Voyager 1 both observed intervals of such waves associated with water group ions during their passes through Saturn s E-ring. Presently the magnetometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft is also seeing water group ion cyclotron oscillations. The Cassini data allow the spatial and temporal behavior of the waves to be mapped in ways not possible during the previous flybys. Analyses of these waves allow us to study the rate of mass loading and its latitudinal and local time variation. In conjunction with previous data, we can then determine the variation as the inclination of the ring to the Sun changes, in accordance with Saturn's seasons. These waves may be the clue to how Saturn powers its magnetosphere as the newly born ions could be the driver for the radial motion of the plasma and to how the E-ring may play the equivalent role to that of Io in the jovian magnetosphere.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Part 12; LPI-Contrib-1234-Pt-12
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Ceres 2001; Palermo; Italy
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Upon its approach to orbit the dwarf planet Ceres in early 2015, optical navigation and dedicated satellite search images were acquired with the Dawn mission's framing camera 2. A team of searchers individually processed and examined the images for evidence of objects moving with Ceres. Completeness of search with respect to the space searched was calculated as a function of distance to Ceres and found to be complete down to 15 Ceres radii (Ceres' mean radius is 470 kilometers). Upper limits of detectable magnitude were determined for each observed set of images and an upper limit in size was calculated assuming for the putative objects, Ceres' geometric albedo of 0.11. Nothing was found associated with Ceres down to a radius of 12 meters for the most sensitive search, and down to a radius of 323m for the least sensitive search circumstances. Examination of the physical properties of the 41 largest and most massive main belt asteroids suggests that large asteroids without satellites are intact and their interiors have internal strength. This is consistent with results from the Dawn mission at both Vesta and Ceres. Ceres' volatile-rich composition also is a likely contributor to both the absence of satellites at Ceres and of Ceres meteorites at Earth. These results suggest that collisional disruption creating rubble pile structure is a necessary condition for formation of satellites around main belt asteroids.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN68836 , Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035) (e-ISSN 1090-2643); 316; 191-204
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Dawn spacecraft will reach Vesta in mid-2011 and begin a comprehensive geological and geophysical characterization to investigate the geologic history, interior structure, and evolution of this minor planet in the Main Asteroid Belts [1]. Analysis of the suite of basaltic achondrite howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) meteorites, linked spectrally to Vesta, indicate that Vesta undwent igneous differentiation and has a metallic core. As such, Vesta represents a diminutive end-member of the differentiated terrestrial planets.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Institute Conference; Mar 07, 2011 - Mar 11, 2011; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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