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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 60 (1954), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 117 (1926), S. 452-452 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE paragraph on Dr. Thomson's interesting work (1925) in NATURE of February 6, p. 210, contains a reference to the results of “earlier observers” which I cannot pass without comment. Thomson found no phloem in the haustorium of Cuscuta, either in the shaft or in the brush of hyphae; and ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The Lund–Potsdam–Jena Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (LPJ) combines process-based, large-scale representations of terrestrial vegetation dynamics and land-atmosphere carbon and water exchanges in a modular framework. Features include feedback through canopy conductance between photosynthesis and transpiration and interactive coupling between these ‘fast’ processes and other ecosystem processes including resource competition, tissue turnover, population dynamics, soil organic matter and litter dynamics and fire disturbance. Ten plants functional types (PFTs) are differentiated by physiological, morphological, phenological, bioclimatic and fire-response attributes. Resource competition and differential responses to fire between PFTs influence their relative fractional cover from year to year. Photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and soil water dynamics are modelled on a daily time step, while vegetation structure and PFT population densities are updated annually.Simulations have been made over the industrial period both for specific sites where field measurements were available for model evaluation, and globally on a 0.5°° × 0.5°° grid. Modelled vegetation patterns are consistent with observations, including remotely sensed vegetation structure and phenology. Seasonal cycles of net ecosystem exchange and soil moisture compare well with local measurements. Global carbon exchange fields used as input to an atmospheric tracer transport model (TM2) provided a good fit to observed seasonal cycles of CO2 concentration at all latitudes. Simulated inter-annual variability of the global terrestrial carbon balance is in phase with and comparable in amplitude to observed variability in the growth rate of atmospheric CO2. Global terrestrial carbon and water cycle parameters (pool sizes and fluxes) lie within their accepted ranges. The model is being used to study past, present and future terrestrial ecosystem dynamics, biochemical and biophysical interactions between ecosystems and the atmosphere, and as a component of coupled Earth system models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The accretion of bodies in the asteroid belt was halted nearly 4.6 billion years ago by the gravitational influence of the newly formed giant planet Jupiter. The asteroid belt therefore preserves a record of both this earliest epoch of Solar System formation and variation of conditions ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet Hale-Bopp ; ISOPHOT ; spectral energy distribution ; dust temperatures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Comet Hale-Bopp has been observed five times with ISOPHOT, the photometer on board the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), four times before its perihelion passage at heliocentric distances of 4.92, 4.58, 2.93 and 2.81 AU, and at 3.91 AU postperihelion. Each time, multi-filter photometry covering the range between 3.6–175 μm with eight to ten filters was performed to sample the spectral energy distribution of the comet. These measurements were used to determine dust temperatures for the cometary coma. The evolution of the strength of the silicate feature can be followed in the data as well as the flux deficit at longer wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 3 (1987), S. 116-122 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Anesthetics: gases ; Carbon dioxide ; Oxygen ; Monitoring: anesthetic gas carbon dioxide oxygen ; Measurement techniques: capnometry mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract One essayist suggests that continuous monitoring of alveolar and inspiratory concentrations of anesthetic and respiratory gases has little or no positive effect on patient outcome and may even be detrimental to patients. Such monitoring, he says, tends to remove anesthesiologists from personal contact with their patients. He recommends careful monitoring of fresh gas concentrations leaving the anesthetic machine, careful monitoring of inspired gas in a circle absorption breathing system, and improved training of anesthesiologists to prevent human error. Another essayist suggests that continuous monitoring of alveolar and inspiratory concentrations of anesthetic and respiratory gases is cost-effective and relatively simple. He says that such monitoring, without being a source of legal problems for its users, improves the quality of patient care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 5 (1989), S. 192-193 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 5 (1989), S. 69-71 
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 63 (1991), S. 487-489 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Cluster enumeration ; perimeter polynomials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Application of graph-theoretic methods to new perimeter polynomials for connected clusters on a lattice yields extra data on the total number of clusters and for the coefficients in the series expansion for the mean size of clusters at low densities. The lattices studied are the square, the square with next nearest neighbors, the triangular, and the simple cubic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 82 (1995), S. 415-428 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: bioclimatology ; chilling requirements ; climate change ; forest dynamics ; forest model ; range limit ; transient effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Range limits and broad-scale geographic variations in the productivity of boreal and northern deciduous tree species in Europe are simulated with a bioclimatic model (STASH). STASH is based on a small number of distinct mechanisms by which climate is thought to affect the survival, regeneration and growth of trees. Survival is limited by summer warmth requirements and winter cold tolerance; regeneration, additionally by winter chilling requirements; and growth rate by net assimilation, which in turn is related to photosynthetically active radiation, growing-season length, temperature (relative to species-specific optima) and soil moisture supply (relative to evaporative demand). These mechanisms are quantified either as thresholds (for survival and regeneration) or multipliers (for growth), based on bioclimatic variables computed from monthly climate normals interpolated three-dimensionally to a 10-minute grid. Growing-season and growing degree day calculations take into account the effects of chilling. The drought calculations also take into account the effects of soil-moisture storage by means of a physically based evapotranspiration calculation coupled to a one-layer soil hydrology model. STASH is used to examine changes in potential range limits under a 2xCO2 climate-change scenario. Associated transient responses at selected sites in the boreal and boreo-nemoral zones of Sweden are also simulated, using the forest gap model FORSKA2. The species-specific survival and regeneration constraints and growth responses of STASH modify the growth, establishment and mortality of trees in FORSKA2. The results obtained in this way differ sharply from the results of conventional forest gap models, where growth rates are assumed to decline to zero at minimum and maximum growing degree day limits. For example, towards the southern limit ofPicea abies (Norway spruce), STASH correctly shows no decline in productivity, but rather an abrupt cut-off corresponding to a chilling requirement during regeneration that is not met further south or west. In transient warming scenarios, this mechanism has the effect that natural regeneration can be blocked due to the warm winters even as yield is increasing due to the longer and warmer summers. STASH predicts drastic changes in species distributions in response to the large climate changes (especially winter warming) expected for northern Europe. Some of the common boreal species (e.g.,Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; Alnus incana) are unlikely to survive in much of their present range, withdrawing to the far north. Other species already widespread may be able to occupy some of the few sites that are today unavailable to them (e.g.,Betula spp.;Corylus avellana). Other temperate deciduous species such asFagus sylvatica could have dramatic range expansions, potentially occupying large tracts of the present boreal zone. FORSKA2 transient simulations illustrate some of the possible routes towards different types of forest in a changed climate. Some sites in the north show little change in species composition, but sites towards the southern boundary of the boreal zone could develop a new suite of dominants. The degree of sensitivity of a particular site depends both on the climate change prediction and on the transient dynamics of the forest community. Many types of transient behaviour are shown to be possible. Coupled with uncertainties about the future role of dispersal and changes in disturbance rate, the complexity and variety of these transient responses imply a highly uncertain future for the north European boreal forests.
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