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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (98)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (84)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role for autocrine TGF-β1 in regulating differentiation of a human leukemic cell line toward osteoclast-like cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 160 (1994), S. 482-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Increasing evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in bone formation during remodeling. Using a recently cloned human leukemic cell line (FLG 29.1 cells) we demonstrate that these cells synthesize and secrete TGF-β1 and that exogenous or autocrine TGF-β1 can induce the same features of osteoclastic-like cells, exerting its effects through the binding to TGF-β specific receptors. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled TGF-β1 to FLG 29.1 cells revealed the presence of a single high affinity binding site with a Kd value of ∼25 pM and a binding capacity of ∼900 sites/cell. Affinity labeling experiments showed that FLG 29.1 cells express type I and type II TGF-β receptors. Stimulation of FLG 29.1 cells with low TGF-β1 doses reduced cell proliferation and increased cell adhesion and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) activity. Pretreatment of FLG 29.1 cells with TGF-β1 caused a significant and dose-dependent response to calcitonin. Northern blot of total mRNA and analysis of the conditioned media (CM) showed that TGF-β1 was synthesized by FLG 29.1 cells. TPA treatment, which induces partial differentiation of these cells, markedly increased TGF-β1 mRNA expression and growth factor release. The majority of TGF-β1 secreted by TPA-treated cells was in its latent form. However, anti-TGF-β antibodies inhibited TGF-β1 and TPA-induced growth inhibition, calcitonin responsiveness, and TRAcP activity, suggesting that the TPA effect is mediated in part by autocrine TGF-β1 and indicating that the cells can activate and respond to the TGF-β that they secrete. These findings support a potential autocrine role for TGF-β1 in osteoclast differentiation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041600311
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  • 2
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    A Radiation-Tolerant, Low-Power Non-Volatile Memory Based on Silicon Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Nanocrystal nonvolatile floating-gate memories are a good candidate for space applications - initial results suggest they are fast, more reliable and consume less power than conventional floating gate memories. In the nanocrystal based NVM device, charge is not stored on a continuous polysilicon layer (so-called floating gate), but instead on a layer of discrete nanocrystals. Charge injection and storage in dense arrays of silicon nanocrystals in SiO2 is a critical aspect of the performance of potential nanocrystal flash memory structures. The ultimate goal for this class of devices is few- or single-electron storage in a small number of nanocrystal elements. In addition, the nanocrystal layer fabrication technique should be simple, 8-inch wafer compatible and well controlled in program/erase threshold voltage swing was seen during 100,000 program and erase cycles. Additional near-term goals for this project include extensive testing for radiation hardness and the development of artificial layered tunnel barrier heterostructures which have the potential for large speed enhancements for read/write of nanocrystal memory elements, compared with conventional flash devices. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Forum on Innovative Approaches to Outer Planetary Exploration 2001-2020; 4; LPI-Contrib-1084
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The uracil permease of Schizosaccharomyces pombe: A representative of a family of 10 transmembrane helix transporter proteins of yeasts (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 14 (1998), S. 1051-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; uracil permease ; transmembrane helices ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The uracil permease gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was cloned and sequenced. The deduced protein sequence shares strong similarities with five open reading frames from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely the uracil permease encoded by the FUR4 gene, the allantoin permease encoded by DAL4, a putative uridine permease (YBL042C) and two unknown ORFs YOR071c and YLR237w.A topological model retaining ten transmembrane helices, based on predictions and on experimental data established for the uracil permease of S. cerevisiae by Galan and coworkers (1996), is discussed for the four closest proteins of this family of transporters. The sequence of the uracil permease gene of S. pombe has been deposited in the EMBL data bank under Accession Number X98696. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Constraining the Flux of Impactors Postdating Heavy Bombardment Using U-Pb Ages of Impact Glasses (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Spherules of glass varying in size from a few micrometres to a few millimetres are common in the lunar regolith. While some of these glass beads are products of pyroclastic fire fountains others originate as impact melt ejected from the target that breaks into small droplets and solidifies as spherical particles while raining back to the lunar surface. These glasses preserve information about the chemical composition of the target and often contain sufficient amount of radioactive nuclides such as 40K to enable Ar-40-Ar-39 dating of individual beads. Studies measuring the age of glass beads have been used in attempts to establish variations in the flux of impactors hitting the Moon, particularly during the period that postdates the formation of major impact basins [1,2]. These studies proposed a possibility of spike in the impact flux about 800 Ma [2] and over the last 400 Ma [1]. More recently U-Th-Pb isotopic systems have been also utilized to determine the age of impact glasses from the Apollo 17 regolith [3]. Our aim is to extend the application of the U-Pb system in impact glasses to spherules isolated from Apollo 14 soil 14163 in an attempt to further investigate the applicability of this isotopic system to the chronology of impact glass beads and gain additional information on the impact flux in the inner Solar system.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-27960 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 18, 2013 - Mar 22, 2013; The Woodlands, TX; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhamnolipid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa inactivates mammalian tracheal ciliary axonemes (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 502-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: respiratory cilia ; dynein ; ATPase ; cystic fibrosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Isolated ciliary axonemes from pig trachea were exposed to increasing concentrations of purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid. This is a defined ciliary system allowing observation of direct impairment of functional axonemes. Axonemal motility and ATPase activity were decreased in proportion to rhamnolipid concentrations. ATPase-associated proteins observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and dynein arms seen in ultrastructural cross sections progressively disappeared from axonemes with exposure to rhamnolipid. These four independent measures establish that the rhamnolipid removes the ATPase-containing outer dynein arms from the ciliary axoneme, thereby rendering the axoneme immotile.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of tolytoxin on cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and actin polymerization (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 24 (1993), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; microfilament ; stress fiber ; cytochalasin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tolytoxin, a cytostatic, antifungal macrolide produced by blue-green algae of the genus Scytonema, is a potent, reversible inhibitor of cytokinesis in cultured mammalian cells. Treatment of KB cells with 2-16 nM tolytoxin results in profound morphological changes, beginning with the formation of zeiotic processes and culminating in nuclear protrusion. In L1210 cells, cytokinesis is inhibited by as little as 2 nM tolytoxin, while karyokinesis proceeds normally, resulting in polynucleation. Tolytoxin specifically disrupts microfilament organization in A10 cells, while having no apparent effect on microtubules or intermediate filaments. Tolytoxin inhibited actin polymerization in vitro and also caused the depolymerization or fragmentation of F-actin in vitro. Tolytoxin exhibits effects that closely resemble those of cytochalasin B but is effective at concentrations 1/50-1/1,000 that of cytochalasin B. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970240105
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural evidence for contractile units in the giant smooth muscle cell of Beröe (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: giant smooth muscle fiber ; ctenophore ; myofilaments ; ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bundles of giant smooth muscle fibers of the ctenophore Beröe have been stretched up to four times their initial length and then examined by transmission electron microscopy. Stretching induces the segregation of actin and thick (myosinlike) filaments into separate domains. The thick filaments domains are made of 20-30 filaments, with a regular spacing identical to that of nonstretched fibers. A moderate stretching permits the visualization of microtendons associating actin filament bundles to hyaluronidase-resistant condensations of the extracellular matrix. It is deduced from these observations that Beröe giant smooth muscle fibers possess myofibrils which attach at both ends upon the sarcolemmal membrane. Each myofibril is probably made of two long actin filament bundles (of approximately 150 filaments) and short (2-3 μm) myosinlike bundles (of approximately 30 filaments).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of transforming growth factor α antisense mRNA inhibits the estrogen-induced production of TGFα and estrogen-induced proliferation of estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 156 (1993), S. 497-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To ascertain if 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced proliferation could be attenuated by blocking the expression of endogenous transforming growth factor α (TGFα), estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, estrogen-responsive MCF-7 or ZR-75-1 cells and ER-negative, estrogen-nonresponsive MDA-MB-468 or HS-578T cells were infected with a recombinant amphotropic, replication-defective retroviral expression vector containing a 435 base pair (bp) Apa1-Eco R1 coding fragment of the human TGFα cDNA oriented in the 3′ to 5′ direction and under the transcriptional control of an internal heavy metal-inducible mouse metallothionein (MT-1) promoter and containing the neomycin (neo) resistance gene. E2-stimulated expression of endogenous TGFα mRNA was inhibited by 4-5-fold, and the production of TGFα protein was inhibited by 50-80% when M-1 mass-infected MCF-7 or MZ-1 mass-infected ZR-75-1 cells were treated with 0.75-1 μM CdCl2, whereas in comparably treated parental MCF-7 or ZR-75-1 cells there was no significant effect upon these parameters. E2-stimulated anchorage-dependent growth (ADG) and anchorage-independent growth (AIG) of the M-1 or MZ-1 cells was inhibited by 60-90% following CdCl2 treatment. In contrast, neither the ADG nor AIG of the parental noninfected MCF-7 or ZR-75-1 cells that were maintained in the absence or presence of E2 was affected by comparable concentrations of CdCl2. The ADG and AIG of TGFα antisense MD-1 mass-infected MDA-MB-468 cells that express high levels of endogenous TGFα mRNA were also inhibited by 1 μM CdCl2, whereas the ADG and AIG of MH-1 mass-infected HS-578T cells, a TGFα-negative cell line, were unaffected by CdCl2 treatment. These results suggest that TGFα may be one important autocrine intermediary in regulating estrogen-induced cell proliferation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041560309
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic dependence of glycylsarcosine uptake by isolated chicken enterocytes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 138 (1989), S. 579-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dipeptide transport was studied in chicken enterocytes and its properties compared with those of Na+-dependent sugar transport. Results showed that 1) isolated cells were capable of accumulating glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) against a concentration gradient (2.5- to 3.0-fold accumulation). This uptake was maximal at pH 6.0, and it was inhibited by Na+-free medium and by ouabaine; 2) uptake of Gly-Sar was not affected by methionine and was competitively inhibited by carnosine, with a Ki of 12 mM; 3) the protonophore FCCP inhibited both Gly-Sar and 3-oxy-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) uptake by the cells; 4) amiloride, a well-known inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger system stimulated 3-OMG uptake and inhibited Gly-Sar uptake, its effects being greater at pH 7.4; 5) and monensine prevents the effects of amiloride on both sugar and dipeptide uptake. In summary, Gly-Sar uptake depends on extracellular Na+ in an indirect manner via its effect on H+ efflux, and it appears to be dependent on an inward H+ gradient.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041380319
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