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  • Lepidoptera  (20)
  • Springer  (20)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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  • Springer  (20)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone reception in tobacco budworm moth,heliothis virescens (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1331-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tobacco budworm moth ; Heliothis virescens ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; olfactory receptor cells ; single-cell recordings ; EAG ; pheromones ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-tetradecenal ; (Z)-7-hexadecenal ; (Z)-9-hexadecenal ; hexadecanal ; (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Eleclrophysiological recordings from single olfactory receptor cells were carried out in the male tobacco budworm moth,Heliothis virescens. Recordings were made primarily from the sensilla trichodea type 1, which are located in the characteristic circumferential rows on the antennae. They possess the longest sensilla hairs as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sensory cells of these sensilla responded specifically to pheromones. Only three types of receptor neurons were found, each tuned to one of the female-produced components. The majority (58%) of the neurons were tuned to the major component (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:A1). Another large group (27%) responded specifically to stimulation with (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: Al). These two compounds are the most important components of the pheromones as judged by their influence on the behavioral responses of the males. The third type of neurons responded specifically to (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16: OH), which may act either as a pheromone component or as an interspecific cue. None of the receptor neurons in the long sensilla trichodea responded specifically to the minor aldehyde components of the pheromone, which have subtle effects on behavior. Mixture experiments provided no evidence that minor components influence the receptor responses to the major components. Olfactory sensilla outside the crosswise rows were also characterized morphologically by SEM. Included in these were sensilla of different lengths, corresponding to a classification as s. basiconica and s. trichodea type 2. Electrophysiological recordings from these sensilla showed that they are involved primarily in host odor reception. However, a few of these neurons responded to pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of sex-pheromone-response antagonists in three races of European corn borer (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 863-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European com borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate ; pheromone ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral responses of males from three New York races of European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), to various suspected sexpheromone-response antagonists were investigated with a flight tunnel protocol. Males from a bivoltine (Z) race and from a univoltine (Z) race utilizing a natural pheromone blend of 98∶2 (Z)-∶(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and males from a bivoltine (E) race utilizing a 1∶99 (Z)-∶(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratio were flown to their natural blends and to blends containing 1 % of one of the following additional compounds: Z9–12∶OAc,E9–12∶OAc,Z9–14∶OAc, andE9–14∶OAc. In each race, the added components lowered significantly the number of individuals completing the behavioral sequence. The only exception was bivoltineE males flown to a blend withE9–12∶OAc added. The number completing the sequence in this case was statistically not significantly lower than the number that completed the sequence to the standard blend. In all three races, theZ9–14∶OAc produced the most dramatic reduction in completed flights, and in the univoltineZ race, this added component was significantly more effective in reducing completed flights than any other added component. The response to the Z9–14∶OAc is understandable given recently published findings of an electrophysiological study of single sensilla in the European corn borer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015182
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone blend discrimination by male moths fromE andZ strains of European corn borer (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; (Z)-11-tet-radecenyl acetate ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; pheromone ; flight tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sex pheromone behavioral responses were analyzed in a flight tunnel with European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), males from three distinct populations. Males from a bivoltine and a univoltine biotype using a 97.8∶2.2 blend (Z strains) of (Z)- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate were assayed with treatments containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 3% of theE isomer. Males from neither population oriented in the plume to the 100%Z treatment, but bivoltine males oriented and flew to the source to the other three treatments, whereas univoltine males oriented and flew to the source only to the 1 % and 3 %E treatments. Males from a bivoltine biotype using a 1∶99 blend ofZ/E isomers (E strain) were assayed with sources containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 3% of theZ isomer. Males did not orient to the 0%Z source, but oriented and flew to the source to the other three treatments. In addition to using opposite geometric isomers for the main pheromone component, the bivoltineE strain differed from the bivoltineZ strain by producing and responding better to 1 % of the minor component and by storing 3 times more pheromone in the female glands. Contrary to previous reports, the blend of two pheromone components is significantly better than the main component alone in eliciting oriented flight and close-range behavior with males from all three populations of European corn borer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020358
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of trichomes in soybean resistance to cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Glycine max ; soybeans ; trichomes ; plant resistance ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de la densité et de la longueur des trichomes de Glycine max sur la résistance à Trichoplusia ni a été évaluée suivant la position des feuilles sur une lignée résistante (‘PI 227687’) et sur un cultivar sensible (‘Davis’). Les feuilles apicales (juvéniles) tant de PI 227687 que de Davis, recouvertes de trichomes denses, résistèrent mieux à l'alimentation larvaire et à la survie de T. ni. Quand ces trichomes étaient éliminés, ces feuilles ne résistaient pas plus à l'alimentation des larves de T. ni que les feuilles non rasées TL3 et TL5 de PI 227687 ou toutes les autres feuilles de Davis. Les tests avec des extraits dans l'acétate d'éthyle et l'hexane de feuilles provenant de différentes positions de PI 227687 et Davis, destinés à mettre en évidence des phagodissuadants, ont montré que la résistance observée chez les feuilles apicales de Davis était attribuable aux trichomes (c'est-à-dire à un caractère morphologique), tandis que chez les mêmes feuilles de PI 227687 elle impliquait à la fois des trichomes (morphologie) et des substances chimiques, mais avec une prédominance de l'influence des trichomes.
    Notes: Abstract Role of leaf trichome density and length in Glycine max (L.) Merr. resistance to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) was evaluated at different leaf positions on a relatively resistant soybean, plant introduction (PI) 227687, and a relatively susceptible cultivar, ‘Davis’. The uppermost (juvenile) leaf within both PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants, which is densely covered with trichomes, was most resistant to T. ni larval feeding and survival. When these trichomes were shaven off, such leaves became as susceptible to T. ni larval feeding as unshaven TL3 and TL5 leaves (PI 227687) or all other unshaven leaves (‘Davis’). Bioassays for antifeedants in ethyl acetate and hexane extractables from leaves at the different positions on PI 227687 and ‘Davis’ plants showed that the resistance observed in the uppermost ‘Davis’ leaf is attributable to trichomes (i.e., a morphological factor); whereas, in the uppermost PI 227687 leaf it involves both morphological (trichomes) and chemical factors, but the trichome parameter is dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant and insecticidal properties of azadirachtin to the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; Pyralidae ; Lepidoptera ; azadirachtin ; antifeedant ; botanical insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a examiné les propriétés anti-appétantes et insecticides de l'azadirachtine, une substance triterpénoïde provenant d'Azadirachta indica envers la pyrale du maïs Ostrinia nubilalis. La concentration effective pour causer 50% d'inhibition de l'alimentation larvaire (PC50) sur des disques foliaires a été de 3.5 ppm pour les larves de premier stade et de 24 μg/8 pour celle de troisième stade. L'azadirachtine a sévèrement réduit la croissance larvaire à des concentrations de 1 et 10 ppm dans une diète méridique et, éventuellement, a causé 100% de mortalité à 10 ppm et 90% à 1 ppm. A 0.1 ppm l'azadirachtine n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur les larves maïs a modifié l'indice de masculinité en faveur des mâles au moment de l'émergence et a empêché l'oviposition chez les femelles. Les indices nutritionnels pour les larves naïves de troisième âge et celles ayant subi une accoutumance suggèrent que la réduction de croissance est le résultat d'une intoxication comme le démontre une efficacité réduite de transformation chez les groupes traités à l'azadirachtine, plutôt que des changements de digestibilité. Il n'y a pas d'évidence claire de tolérance dans le groupe ayant subi l'accoutumance. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à 10 ppm l'azadirachtine est un insecticide botanique efficace envers O. nubilalis.
    Notes: Abstract Azadirachtin, a triterpenoid substance from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Meliaceae, was evaluated for its antifeedant and insecticidal properties to the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner. The 50% protective concentration for larval feeding on treated corn disks (PC50) was 3.5 ppm for neonate larvae and 24 ppm for third instar larvae. Azadirachtin severely reduced larval growth at 1 and 10 ppm in a meridic diet and eventually caused 100% mortality at 10 ppm and 90% at 1 ppm. At 0.1 ppm azadirachtin showed no significant effect on larvae but altered the sex ratio in favor of male moths during adult emergence and arrested oviposition of female moths. Nutritional indices for naive and habituated third instar larvae suggested that reduction of growth was due to toxicity as shown by a lowered efficiency of conversion in the azadirachtin treated groups, rather than changes in digestibility. No clear evidence of tolerance was observed in the habituated group. The data suggest that at 10 ppm azadirachtin is an effective botanical insecticide for control of O. nubilalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163349
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between Trieces tricarinatus and Triclistus yponomeutae in multiparasitized hosts (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 289-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: competition ; multiparasitization ; parasitoid ; physical attack ; Trieces tricarinatus ; Triclistus yponomeutae ; Hymenoptera ; Ichneumonidae ; Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La compétition entre les deux ichneumonides endoparasitoïdes solitaires Trieces tricarinatus Grav. et Triclistus yponomeutae Aeschl. a été examinée en élevant et disséquant des Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus Retz. attaqués le même jour par les deux parasitoïdes. Les résultats des dissections des hôtes multiattaqués ont été comparés à ceux des hôtes attaqués par un seul parasite, pour séparer la mortalité ou l'absence de parasitoïde provoquées par la compétition à celles dues à d'autres facteurs. On a constaté qu'un seul parasite était capable d'achever son développement. Dès que l'hôte était nymphosé et que les deux parasitoïdes étaient au premier stade larvaire, une des larves tuait sa compétitrice. Pour une fraction importante des larves éliminées, il a été possible de montrer qu'elles avaient été tuées par une aggression physique, pour les autres ce mode d'élimination était vraisemblable. L'espèce de parasitoïde qui survit dépend du nombre de jours entre la ponte des ichneumonides et la nymphose de l'hôte. Ce délai détermine le degré de développment des parasitoïdes et le moment réel de la compétition. Probablement, T. tricarinatus est le seul à survivre lorsque la nymphose de l'hôte a lieu avant l'éclosion des oeufs de T. yponomeutae.
    Notes: Abstract Competition between the solitary endoparasitoids Trieces tricarinatus (Gravenhorst) and Triclistus yponomeutae Aeschlimann (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) results in the survival of one or the other of them. Once the host, Yponomeuta vigintipunctatus (Retzius) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) has pupated and both parasitoids have completed their development to first instar larvae, one of the parasitoid larvae kills the other. Which of the parasitoids survives depends on the number of days between parasitization and pupation. As a result of their type of development, this period determines the extent of development of the parasitoids at the moment of actual competition. Apparently, T. tricarinatus survives only if pupation of the host occurs before egg hatching of T. yponomeutae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352216
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The protective effect of antioxidants to a phototoxin-sensitive insect herbivore,Manduca sexta (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2913-2924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; tobacco ; hornworm ; antioxidants ; α-terthienyl ; ascorbic acid ; Β-carotene ; vitamin E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Photo-activated plant secondary compounds have been shown to be toxic to many organisms including insects. Insect defenses include behavioral mechanisms such as light avoidance, as well as specific biochemical defenses such as antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. These antioxidant defenses eliminate or quench the deleterious singlet oxygen and free radicals formed by these phototoxins. In this paper we examined the role of dietary antioxidants in protecting the phototoxin-sensitive insect herbivoreManduca sexta. Elevated dietary levels of the lipid-soluble antioxidantsΒ-carotene and vitamin E resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in the mortality associated with treatment ofM. sexta larvae with the phototoxic thiopheneα-terthienyl. Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid had no effect, whereas reduced levels greatly increased the toxicity ofα-terthienyl. Tissue levels of antioxidants were shown to increase substantially in larvae fed antioxidant-supplemented diets. The results suggest that the ability to absorb and utilize plant-derived antioxidants could be an important defense against photo-activated plant secondary compounds and may have allowed some insects to exploit phototoxic plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00979483
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of UV radiation on activity of linear furanocoumarins andBacillus thuringiensis var.Kurstaki againstSpodoptera exigua: Implications for tritrophic interactions (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 973-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Linear furanocoumarins ; Spodoptera exigua ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; UV light ; tritrophic interactions ; Bacillus thuringiensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acidic fogs with a pH of 2.0 and duration of 2 hr did not reduce the efficacy ofBacillus thuringiensis var.Kurstaki (Berliner). Therefore, the impact of UV radiation was investigated on the interactions between (1) levels of the antibacterial linear furanocoumarins psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin inApium graveolens (L.) occurring following a 2.0 pH acidic fog episode, (2) the noctuidSpodoptera exigua (Hübner), and (3) a sublethal dosage of the microbial pathogenB. thuringiensis var.Kurstaki. Mean time to pupation in the absence of UV radiation (survival was too low to conduct this analysis for insects exposed to UV) was significantly extended by the addition of either psoralens orB. thuringiensis. Larvae developing on diets containingB. thuringiensis plus psoralens required nearly 40% longer to pupate than controls, but their effects were additive as the interaction was not significant. Although the mean times to adult emergence were significantly different, time spent in the pupal stage did not vary significantly between treatments, indicating that increases in larval developmental time were responsible for the observed decrease in developmental rate. Mean time to mortality, a weighted average time of death, was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial analysis, all main effects (linear furanocoumarins.B. thuringiensis, UV radiation) reduced survival significantly, as did the three-way interaction. Thus, antagonistic interactions with psoralens that would reduce the effectiveness ofB. thuringiensis in the field were not observed. When pairs of main effects were nested within the two levels (presence and absence) of the third factor, several two-way interactions were found. Interestingly, the activity ofB. thuringiensis and the psoralens, individually or in combination, was enhanced by exposure to UV radiation. Implications of this research are discussed for both natural and agricultural ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01395603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate, the major component of the sex pheromone of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 863-867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-13-Hexadecen-11-yn-1-yl acetate ; pine processionary moth ; Thaumetopoeapityocampa ; Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni ; Lepidoptera ; Notodontidae ; sex pheromone ; synthesis ; biological activity ; ester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A short and stereoselective synthesis of (Z)-13-hexadecen-1 1-yn-1-yl acetate is described. The main feature is a low-temperature Wittig reaction of a triphenylpropylphosphonium bromide with a long-chain alkylated propargyl aldehyde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987810
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of α-Terthienyl on the midgut detoxification enzymes of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2047-2054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ostrinia nubilalis ; European corn borer ; Pyralideae ; Lepidoptera ; cytochrome P-450 ; cytochrome b5 ; cytochromec reductase ; glutathioneS-transferase ; α-terthienyl ; phototoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The biochemical basis for the tolerance of the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, to the phototoxinα-terthienyl was investigated by measuring the midgut polysubstrate monooxygenases and glutathioneS-transferase activities.α-Terthienyl administered in the diet to the corn borers increased the level of cytochromeb 5, NADH-cytochromec reductase,O-demethylase, and glutathioneS-transferase activities. The induced detoxification enzyme activities should enable the corn borer to metabolizeα-terthienyl more efficiently and therefore render the corn borer highly tolerant toα-terthienyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983807
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