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  • 1
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    Taurus-Littrow chronology - Some constraints on early lunar crustal development (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A number of samples obtained during the Apollo 17 mission give direct evidence of lunar processes occurring more than 4 aeons ago. The significance of Rb-Sr data for the history of the involved materials is discussed and mineral isochrons are presented for an Apollo 17 mare basalt. Data on a number of Apollo 17 soils and on some Apollo 15 and 16 whole-rock samples are also presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 2
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    Source characteristics of Jovian narrow-band kilometric radio emissions (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: New observations of Jovian narrow-band kilometric (nKOM) radio emissions were made by the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment on the Ulysses spacecraft during the Ulysses-Jupiter encounter in early February 1992. These observations have demonstrated the unique capability of the URAP instrument for determining both the direction and polarization of nKOM radio sources. An important result is the discovery that nKOM radio emission originates from a number of distinct sources located at different Jovian longitudes and at the inner and outermost regions of the Io plasma torus. These sources have been tracked for several Jovian rotations, yielding their corotational lags, their spatial and temporal evolution, and their radiation characteristics at both low latitudes far from Jupiter and at high latitudes near the planet. Both right-hand and left-hand circularly polarized nKOM sources were observed. The polarizations observed for sources in the outermost regions of the torus seem to favor extraordinary mode emission.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; E7; p. 13,163-13,176.
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  • 3
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    Scintillations of the Uranian kilometric radiation - Implications for the downstream magnetopause (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results are presented of the planetary radio astronomy observations conducted on board Voyager 2, with emphasis placed on the characteristics of the strong (3 to 6 dB) modulations of the broadband smooth Uranian radio emissions recorded from January 27-30, 1986, when the spacecraft was outbound from Uranus. The modulations were characterized by two superposed periods of about 100 sec and about 10 sec. It is suggested that the long-period modulation is due to the magnetopause surface waves, while the short-period modulations are due to the signature of ion cyclotron turbulence above the proton gyrofrequency, related to the magnetopause boundary layer.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A6, J
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  • 4
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    Ulysses observations of escaping VLF emissions from Jupiter (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Ulysses URAP experiment has detected Jovian radio emissions in the VLF range at distances from Jupiter in excess of 1.5 AU. The URAP observations represent the first synoptic observations of Jupiter in the VLF band, from 3 to 30 kHz. In this band lie the low-frequency extent of the bKOM emission, the escaping continuum emission, and the Jovian type IIIs. Initial results indicate that the continuum varies in frequency with the solar wind ram pressure at Jupiter, whereas, the Jovian type IIIs appear to be controlled to some extent by the planetary rotation, often appearing when system III longitude 100 deg faces the spacecraft.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 649-652
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  • 5
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    Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the Jupiter environment (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of auroral-like hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the Io plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the Io torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 257; 5076,; 1524-153
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  • 6
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    In ecliptic observations of Jovian radio emissions by Ulysses - Comparison with Voyager results (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During the Ulysses inbound cruise to Jupiter the Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment observed a variety of the planet's radio components in the frequency range below 1 MHz. Most of these emissions were already detected by the Voyager Radio Astronomy and Plasma Wave experiments, however, with much less sensitivity and different spectral coverage. These different radio components within the URAP dynamic spectra are identified, and their appearance with the previous Voyager observations are compared.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 19; 12, J; 1307-131
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  • 7
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    Phenomenology of Neptune's radio emissions observed by the Voyager planetary radio astronomy experiment (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Neptune flyby in 1989 added a new planet to the known number of magnetized planets generating nonthermal radio emissions. We review the Neptunian radio emission morphology as observed by the planetary radio astronomy experiment on board Voyager 2 during a few weeks before and after closest approach. We present the characteristics of the two observed recurrent main components of the Neptunian kilometric radiation, i.e., the 'smooth' and the 'bursty' emissions, and we describe the many specific features of the radio spectrum during closest approach.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A12; p. 19,201-19,211.
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  • 8
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    Detectability of Martian carbonates from orbit using thermal neutrons (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Numerical simulations of Martian neutron leakage flux spectra are made in order to explore the detectability of magnesium and calcium carbonate deposits using neutron spectroscopic techniques from orbit. The primary signature of such deposits is found to be an enhanced thermal amplitude. Although this enhancement is weakened by: (1) partial burial beneath an aeolian regolith blanket; (2) admixture with regolith on a microscopic (centimeter) or macroscopic (tens of centimeters) scale; and (3) reduction in the areal size of the deposit, near-surface stratigraphies of carbonates hypothesized by some authors as possible on Mars are still detectable by simple neutron sensors from orbit. However, the large variations in the magnitude of the thermal neutron enhancements caused by different carbonate deposit configurations found in this study require a combined gamma ray and neutron analysis for their unique specification.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 15
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  • 9
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    Isotopic analysis of basaltic fragments from lunar breccia 14321 - Chronology and petrogenesis of pre-Imbrium mare volcanism (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Internal (mineral) Rb-Sr isochrons were determined for six Apollo 14 mare basalts of lunar breccia 14321. The ages of these fragments, which represent the time of crystallization of the respective mafic lavas, range from about 4.05 to 4.24, and, possibly, to 4.33 Ga and are among the oldest dates reported for mare basalts. For three of the fragments, internal Sm-Nd isochron data were collected and initial Nd isotopic composition was determined. The results are discussed with reference to the original source of these different basaltic fragments.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 51; 3241-325
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  • 10
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    Geochronology and petrogenesis of Apollo 14 very high potassium mare basalts (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Rb-Sr, K-Ar, and Sm-Nd isotopic studies were undertaken for two Apollo 14 very high potassium (VHK) highly radiogenic mare basaltic clasts from breccias 14305 and 14168. Rb-Sr data indicate ages of 3.83 + or - 0.08 b.y., and 3.82 + or - 0.12 b.y. for samples 14305 and 14168 respectively, for lambda(Rb-87) = 0.0 139/b.y. Their corresponding initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios are nearly identical, as well as their Ar-39 to Ar-40 age spectra, and it is proposed that they were derived from the same flow. The Sm-Nd isotopic data of whole rock and mineral separates for the two VHK basalts define an internal isochrone age of 3.94 + or - 0.16 b.y. for lambda (Sm-147) = 0.00654/b.y. and an initial Nd-143/Nd-144 of 0.50673 + or - 21. The similarity in isotopic ages suggests that VHK basalts crystallized from a melt about 3.85 b.y. ago. VHK basalts show very large Rb/Sr fractionation but no significant Sm/Nd fractionation at the time of crystallization. The source material had a Rb/Sr ratio similar to those of Apollo 14 high-Al mare basalts and a nearly chrondritic Sm/Nd ratio. Basalt/granite interaction was found to be responsible for the extreme enrichments of Rb/Sr and K/La during the formation of VHK basalts. It is concluded that K, Rb-rich components of granitic wall rocks in the highland crust were selectively introduced into ascending hot high-Al mare basaltic magma upon contact.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; D214-D22
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