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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (15)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS  (1)
  • 1
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    Survey of low-energy plasma electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere - Voyagers 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The low energy plasma electron environment within Saturn's magnetosphere was surveyed by the Plasma Science Experiment (PLS) during the Voyager encounters with Saturn. Over the full energy range of the PLS instrument (10 eV to 6 keV) the electron distribution functions are clearly non-Maxwellian in character; they are composed of a cold (thermal) component with Maxwellian shape and a hot (suprathermal) non-Maxwellian component. A large scale positive radial gradient in electron temperature is observed, increasing from less than 1 eV in the inner magnetosphere to as high as 800 eV in the outer magnetosphere. Three fundamentally different plasma regimes were identified from the measurements: (1) the hot outer magnetosphere, (2) the extended plasma sheet, and (3) the inner plasma torus. Previously announced in STAR as N83-34872
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8847-887
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Titan's magnetospheric interaction (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Voyager 1 encounter data are used to theoretically examine the interaction of Titan with the solar wind, the Saturn magnetosheath and the Saturn magnetosphere. The spacecraft data comprised magnetometer, plasma wave, radio signal and charged particle measurements. Attention is given to the Alfven (1.9) and Mach (0.57) numbers detected in the Saturn magnetosheath, along with a fast hydrodynamic Mach number of 0.55. Incident plasma interacted with the Titan atmosphere and produced a magnetosphere through mass capture and field-line draping. The tail region was loaded with N(+) and N2(+)/H2CN(+) ions instead of the strong H(+) signals typical of other regions. The magnetotail featured four lobes, and the Titan atmosphere was calculated to lose 10 to the 24th ions/sec. Finally, the Titan internal rotationally aligned magnetic field has an estimated strength of 7 x 10 to the 20th gauss/cu cm.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 3
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    Observations at the planet Mercury by the plasma electron experiment - Mariner 10 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Two nightside encounters with Mercury's magnetosphere by Mariner 10 revealed bow shock and magnetosheath signatures in the plasma electron data that are entirely consistent with the geometry expected for an interaction between a planet-centered magnetic dipole and the solar wind. The geometrically determined distance between the planet's center and the solar wind stagnation point is 1.4 plus or minus 0.1 R sub M. Both diffuse and sharp shock crossings were observed on the two magnetosphere encounters.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; May 1
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  • 4
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    Preliminary interpretation of plasma electron observations at the third encounter of Mariner 10 with Mercury (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Plasma electron count observations made during the first and third encounters of Mariner 10 with Mercury (i.e., during Mercury I and III) are reported. They provide detailed information on the magnetosphere of Mercury, especially those from Mercury III. A low-flux region was observed about closest approach (CA) of Mercury III, whereas no such region was detected by the lower-latitude Mercury I; a hot plasma sheet was measured on the outgoing (and near-equator) trajectory of Mercury I, while only cool plasma sheets were observed in the magnetosphere by Mercury III. Findings are similar, on a reduced scale, to models of the earth's magnetosphere and magnetosheath.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 255; May 15
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  • 5
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    Titan's ion exosphere observed from Voyager 1 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The plasma wake surrounding Titan in Saturn's rotating magnetosphere is characterized by a plasma which is denser and cooler than the surrounding subsonic magnetospheric plasma, and which is produced by the deflection of magnetospheric plasma around Titan and the addition of exospheric ions picked up by the rotating magnetosphere. A resemblance to the interaction between the solar wind and Venus is shown for the case of ion pickup in the ion exosphere outside Titan's magnetic tail and ion flow within the boundaries of the tail as Saturn's rotating magnetosphere interacts with Titan. The boundary of the tail is indicated by a sharp reduction in the flux of high-energy electrons, which are removed by inelastic scattering with the atmosphere and centrifugal drift produced when the electrons traverse the magnetic field draped around Saturn.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
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  • 6
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    Distribution of neutral gas and dust near Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The distribution of neutral gas and dust within the magnetosphere of Saturn has been inferred from the electron velocity distribution functions measured by the Voyager 1 plasma science experiment. Substantial enhancements of neutral material near Titan and in the vicinity of Enceladus are found. The E ring is also shown to be larger than previously thought.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 20
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  • 7
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    A survey of the plasma electron environment of Jupiter - A view from Voyager (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A survey of the plasma environment within Jupiter's bow shock is given in terms of the in situ calibrated electron plasma measurements made between 10 eV and 5.95 keV by the Voyager Plasma Science Experiment (PLS). The measurements are analyzed and corrected for spacecraft potential variations; the data are reduced to nearly model independent macroscopic parameters of the local electron density and temperature. The electron parameters are derived without reference to or internal calibration from the positive ion measurements made in the PLS experiment. Extensive statistical and direct comparisons with other determinations of the local plasma charge density indicate clearly that the analysis procedures have successfully and routinely discriminated between spacecraft sheath and ambient plasmas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
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  • 8
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    Interaction of the solar wind with Venus (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two topics related to the interaction of the solar wind with Venus are considered. First, a short review of the experimental evidence with particular attention to plasma measurements carried out on Mariner-5 and Mariner-10 is given. Secondly, the results of some recent theoretical work on the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus are summarized.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Solar-Wind Interaction with the Planets, Mercury, Venus, and Mars; p 63-80
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  • 9
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    Plasma observations near Saturn - Initial results from Voyager 1 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn and its satellites yielded extensive measurements of magnetospheric low-energy plasma electrons and positive ions, both heavy and light, probably of hydrogen and nitrogen or oxygen. At radial distances between 15 and 7 Saturn radii on the inbound trajectory, the plasma appears to corotate with a velocity within 20% of that theoretically expected for rigid corotation. The Titan data, taken while the moon was inside the Saturn magnetosphere, shows a clear signature characteristic of the interaction between a subsonic corotating magnetospheric plasma and the atmospheric or ionospheric exosphere of Titan.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 10
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  • 10
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    Survey of the plasma electron environment of Jupiter: A view from Voyager (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The plasma environment within Jupiter's bow shock is considered in terms of the in situ, calibrated electron plasma measurements made between 10 eV and 5.95 keV by the Voyager plasma science experiment (PLS). Measurements were analyzed and corrected for spacecraft potential variations; the data were reduced to nearly model independent macroscopic parameters of the local electron density and temperature. It is tentatively concluded that the radial temperature profile within the plasma sheet is caused by the intermixing of two different electron populations that probably have different temporal histories and spatial paths to their local observation. The cool plasma source of the plasma sheet and spikes is probably the Io plasma torus and arrives in the plasma sheet as a result of flux tube interchange motions or other generalized transport which can be accomplished without diverting the plasma from the centrifugal equator. The hot suprathermal populations in the plasma sheet have most recently come from the sparse, hot mid-latitude "bath" of electrons which were directly observed juxtaposed to the plasma sheet.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-80731
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