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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (15)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (7)
  • THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS  (1)
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  • 1
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    Motion of shocks through interplanetary streams (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A model for the motion of flare-generated shocks through interplanetary streams is presented which illustrates the effects of a stream-shock interaction on the shock strength and geometry. It is a gasdynamic calculation based on Whitham's (1958) method and on an empirical approximation for the relevant characteristics of streams. The results show that the Mach number of a shock can decrease appreciably to near unity in the interaction region ahead of streams and that the interaction of a spherically symmetric shock with a spiral-shaped corotating stream can cause significant distortions of the initial shock-front geometry. The geometry of a shock discussed by Lepping and Chao (1972) is qualitatively explained by this model.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Oct. 1
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Survey of low-energy plasma electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere - Voyagers 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The low energy plasma electron environment within Saturn's magnetosphere was surveyed by the Plasma Science Experiment (PLS) during the Voyager encounters with Saturn. Over the full energy range of the PLS instrument (10 eV to 6 keV) the electron distribution functions are clearly non-Maxwellian in character; they are composed of a cold (thermal) component with Maxwellian shape and a hot (suprathermal) non-Maxwellian component. A large scale positive radial gradient in electron temperature is observed, increasing from less than 1 eV in the inner magnetosphere to as high as 800 eV in the outer magnetosphere. Three fundamentally different plasma regimes were identified from the measurements: (1) the hot outer magnetosphere, (2) the extended plasma sheet, and (3) the inner plasma torus. Previously announced in STAR as N83-34872
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8847-887
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  • 3
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    Titan's magnetospheric interaction (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Voyager 1 encounter data are used to theoretically examine the interaction of Titan with the solar wind, the Saturn magnetosheath and the Saturn magnetosphere. The spacecraft data comprised magnetometer, plasma wave, radio signal and charged particle measurements. Attention is given to the Alfven (1.9) and Mach (0.57) numbers detected in the Saturn magnetosheath, along with a fast hydrodynamic Mach number of 0.55. Incident plasma interacted with the Titan atmosphere and produced a magnetosphere through mass capture and field-line draping. The tail region was loaded with N(+) and N2(+)/H2CN(+) ions instead of the strong H(+) signals typical of other regions. The magnetotail featured four lobes, and the Titan atmosphere was calculated to lose 10 to the 24th ions/sec. Finally, the Titan internal rotationally aligned magnetic field has an estimated strength of 7 x 10 to the 20th gauss/cu cm.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 4
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    Observations at the planet Mercury by the plasma electron experiment - Mariner 10 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Two nightside encounters with Mercury's magnetosphere by Mariner 10 revealed bow shock and magnetosheath signatures in the plasma electron data that are entirely consistent with the geometry expected for an interaction between a planet-centered magnetic dipole and the solar wind. The geometrically determined distance between the planet's center and the solar wind stagnation point is 1.4 plus or minus 0.1 R sub M. Both diffuse and sharp shock crossings were observed on the two magnetosphere encounters.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; May 1
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  • 5
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    Preliminary interpretation of plasma electron observations at the third encounter of Mariner 10 with Mercury (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Plasma electron count observations made during the first and third encounters of Mariner 10 with Mercury (i.e., during Mercury I and III) are reported. They provide detailed information on the magnetosphere of Mercury, especially those from Mercury III. A low-flux region was observed about closest approach (CA) of Mercury III, whereas no such region was detected by the lower-latitude Mercury I; a hot plasma sheet was measured on the outgoing (and near-equator) trajectory of Mercury I, while only cool plasma sheets were observed in the magnetosphere by Mercury III. Findings are similar, on a reduced scale, to models of the earth's magnetosphere and magnetosheath.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 255; May 15
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  • 6
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    Scale lengths in quasi-parallel shocks (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A review was carried out of ISEE and Voyager spacecraft magnetometer data to determine if quasi-parallel bow shocks are really broad, disordered regions. The key parameter was the deceleration scale (thickness, Lp) across which random energy would need to increase and a localized electrostatic field (E) would be present. Lp would define the breadth of the shock and be associated with a plasma deceleration. The ISEE 1 satellite collected data on the electron density, bulk speed, magnetic intensity, and electron temperature in November 1977 during five traverses of the bow shock. Similar data were gathered from an interplanetary shock wave in 1981. The evidence supported the concept of a plasma deceleration across a thin layer (Lp) in both types of shocks. The layers were about 50 times (interplanetary) and 20 times (earth) thinner than surrounding magnetic fluctuation regions. It is asserted that the regions of deceleration, although much thinner, are the actual shocks and not the entire regions of magnetic fluctuations.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 7545-755
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  • 7
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    Titan's ion exosphere observed from Voyager 1 (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The plasma wake surrounding Titan in Saturn's rotating magnetosphere is characterized by a plasma which is denser and cooler than the surrounding subsonic magnetospheric plasma, and which is produced by the deflection of magnetospheric plasma around Titan and the addition of exospheric ions picked up by the rotating magnetosphere. A resemblance to the interaction between the solar wind and Venus is shown for the case of ion pickup in the ion exosphere outside Titan's magnetic tail and ion flow within the boundaries of the tail as Saturn's rotating magnetosphere interacts with Titan. The boundary of the tail is indicated by a sharp reduction in the flux of high-energy electrons, which are removed by inelastic scattering with the atmosphere and centrifugal drift produced when the electrons traverse the magnetic field draped around Saturn.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Mar. 1
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  • 8
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    Distribution of neutral gas and dust near Saturn (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The distribution of neutral gas and dust within the magnetosphere of Saturn has been inferred from the electron velocity distribution functions measured by the Voyager 1 plasma science experiment. Substantial enhancements of neutral material near Titan and in the vicinity of Enceladus are found. The E ring is also shown to be larger than previously thought.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 292; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    A survey of the plasma electron environment of Jupiter - A view from Voyager (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A survey of the plasma environment within Jupiter's bow shock is given in terms of the in situ calibrated electron plasma measurements made between 10 eV and 5.95 keV by the Voyager Plasma Science Experiment (PLS). The measurements are analyzed and corrected for spacecraft potential variations; the data are reduced to nearly model independent macroscopic parameters of the local electron density and temperature. The electron parameters are derived without reference to or internal calibration from the positive ion measurements made in the PLS experiment. Extensive statistical and direct comparisons with other determinations of the local plasma charge density indicate clearly that the analysis procedures have successfully and routinely discriminated between spacecraft sheath and ambient plasmas.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Fast and optimal solution to the 'Rankine-Hugoniot problem' (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A new, definitive, reliable and fast iterative method is described for determining the geometrical properties of a shock (i.e., theta sub Bn, yields N, V sub s and M sub A), the conservation constants and the self-consistent asymptotic magnetofluid variables, that uses the three dimensional magnetic field and plasma observations. The method is well conditioned and reliable at all theta sub Bn angles regardless of the shock strength or geometry. Explicit proof of uniqueness of the shock geometry solution by either analytical or graphical methods is given. The method is applied to synthetic and real shocks, including a bow shock event and the results are then compared with those determined by preaveraging methods and other iterative schemes. A complete analysis of the confidence region and error bounds of the solution is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 39-58
    Format: text
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