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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (854)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (270)
  • 1980-1984  (1,124)
  • 1940-1944
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Year
  • 1
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    Detection of the J-10 Manifold of the Pure Rotational Band of Phosphine on Saturn (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The detection of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of PH3 on Saturn is reported. The observations were made from the far-infrared cooled grating spectrometer. The wavelengths and observed brightness temperatures for the full disk plus rings are 89 + or - 3 K at 97.04 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.72 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.94 micrometer, and 83 + or - 3 K at 105.12 micrometers. The points of 97.04 and 105.12 micrometers establish the continuum level and the two points near 103 micrometers measure the depth of the PH3 manifold. After the flux due to the rings is subtracted, the depth of the feature is 16 + or - 6 K relative to the nearby 102 K continuum. These results are compared to theoretical models which parameterize the PH3 mixing ratio as x = x sub zero (P/P sub zero)(alpha) for P P sub zero and as x = x sub zero for P or = P, where P is the total pressure and alpha = H/h is the ratio of the dynamical scale height (H) and the scale height for decreasing the PH3 mixing ratio (h). The parameters x sub zero, P sub zero, and h were varied, as well as the H/He mixing ratio and the pressure-temperature profile. The data are well fitted using pressure-temperature profiles. The preferred values of h, P sub zero, and x sub zero imply that there is little or no PH3 above the thermal inversion and that the mixing ratio below the inversion is consistent with PH3 being 1 to 4 times overabundant relative to the solar P/H ratio.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Airborne Astron. Symp.; p 76-80
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  • 2
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    Preliminary results on the plasma environment of Saturn from the Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Ames Research Center Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 3
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    Evaluation of RCA thinned buried channel charge-coupled devices /CCDs/ for scientific applications (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: An experimental version of a thinned illuminated buried-channel 512 x 320 pixel CCD with reduced amplifier input capacitance has been produced which is characterized by lower readout noise. Changes made to the amplifier are discussed, and readout noise measurements obtained by several different techniques are presented. The single energetic electron response of the CCD in the electron-bombarded mode and the single 5.9 keV X-ray pulse height distribution are reported. Results are also given on the dark current versus temperature and the spatial frequency response as a function of signal level.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Solid state imagers for astronomy; June 10, 11, 1981; Cambridge, MA
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  • 4
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    The chemistry of micrometeoroids (A0187-1) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The prime objective of this experiment is to obtain chemical analyses of a statistically significant number of micrometeoroids. These data will then be compared with the chemical composition of meteorites. Secondary objectives of the experiment relate to density, shape, mass frequency, and absolute flux of micrometeorids as deduced from detailed crater geometrics (depth) diameter, and plane shape, and number of total events observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 127-130
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  • 5
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    Application Explorer Mission 2 (AEM 2), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 234-235
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  • 6
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    Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10-micrometer carbon dioxide laser bands on Mars - A natural laser (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Fully resolved intensity profiles of various lines in the carbon dioxide band at 10.4 micrometers have been measured on Mars with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Analysis of the line shapes shows that the Mars atmosphere exhibits positive gain in these lines. The detection of natural optical gain amplification enables identification of these lines as a definite natural laser.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 3
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  • 7
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    The atmosphere of Jupiter - An analysis of the Voyager radio occultation measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Coherently related S and X band signals of 2.3 and 8.4 GHz, respectively, which were transmitted from Voyagers 1 and 2 were used to probe the Jovian atmosphere. Height profiles of the gas refractivity, molecular number density, pressure, temperature, and microwave absorption in the troposphere and stratosphere were observed at latitudes ranging from 0 to 70 deg S. At 1000 mbar, the temperature was + or - 5 K and the lapse rate was equal to the adiabatic value of 2.1 K/km within the resolution of the measurements. The ammonia abundance in this region was 0.022 + or - 0.008%, which is in good agreement with values derived from cosmic abundance considerations. The tropopause at the 140 mbar level had a temperature of 110 K, which increased with increasing altitude, reaching 160 + or - 20 K in the 10 to 1 mbar region. Significant horizontal density variations were detected in the stratosphere, which implies a nonuniform temperature and aerosol distribution across the Jovian disk or across high- and low-pressure regions due to local atmospheric dynamics.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 30
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  • 8
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    Observations of the 10-micron natural laser emission from the mesospheres of Mars and Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the total flux and center to limb dependence of the nonthermal emission occurring in the cores of the 9.4 and 10.4 micrometers CO2 bands on Mars are compared to a theoretical model based on this mechanism. The model successfully reproduces the observed center to limb dependence of this emission, to within the limits imposed by the spatial resolution of the observations of Mars and Venus. The observed flux from Mars agrees closely with the prediction of the model; the flux observed from Venus is 74 percent of the flux predicted by the model. This emission is used to obtain the kinetic temperatures of the Martian and Venusian mesospheres. For Mars near 70 km altitude, a rotational temperature analysis using five lines gives T = 135 + or - 20 K. The frequency width of the emission is also analyzed to derive a temperature of 126 + or - 6 K. In the case of the Venusian mesosphere near 109 km, the frequency width of the emission gives T = 204 + or - 10 K.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
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  • 9
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    Far-infrared spectrophotometry of Saturn and its rings (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 51; Sept
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  • 10
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    Tunable diode-laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A diode-laser-based, ultrahigh resolution IR heterodyne spectrometer for laboratory and field use has been developed for operation between 7.5 and 8.5 microns. The local oscillator is a PbSe tunable diode laser kept continuously at operating temperatures of 12-60 K using a closed-cycle cooler. The laser output frequency is controlled and stabilized using a high-precision diode current supply, constant temperature controller, and a shock isolator mounted between the refrigerator cold tip and the diode mount. The system largely employs reflecting optics to minimize losses from internal reflection and absorption and to eliminate chromatic effects. Spectral analysis of the diode-laser output between 0 and 1 GHz reveals excess noise at many diode current settings, which limits the IR spectral regions over which useful heterodyne operation can be achieved. Observations have been made of atmospheric N2O, O3, and CH4 between 1170 and 1200/cm, using both a single-frequency swept IF channel and a 64-channel RF spectral line receiver with a total IF coverage of 1600 MHz.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
    Format: text
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