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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1,421)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (705)
  • 1985-1989  (1,021)
  • 1980-1984  (1,105)
Collection
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 4 (1981), S. 203-217 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: α-chlorohydrin ; antifertility agent ; ram ; sperm metabolism ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of the male antifertility agent, α-chlorohydrin, six of its derivatives, and glycidol were studied on the metabolism of washed ram spermatozoa in vitro with fructose as substrate. The α-chlorohydrin derivatives were the amino, the phosphorylated, and four glycol-bridge (ketal) compounds. All compounds except glycidol, in a concentration between 0.1 and 100 mM, reduced the aerobic glycolsis and/or oxidation of fructose. However, there was not a high correlation between the ability of these compounds to inhibit the metabolism of ram spermatozoa in vitro and their antifertility activity when administered to male rats. Other factors are clearly involved in their antifertility activity, eg, the concentration of the compounds in the epididymis and their conversion of either more or less spermicidal compounds in the body.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: elastase inhibitors ; β-lactams ; lung damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase) is inhibited by L-659, 286 (7α-methoxy-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triaz-in-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-aza-6R-bicyclo [4.2.O]oct-2-ene-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide-5,-dioxide) with a Ki of 0.4 μM. This inhibition is time-dependent, rapid, and only slowly reversible, with a t1/2 of 〉 3 days at 25°C. L-659, 286 is also highly selective for PMN elastase, as it does not inhibit thrombin, trypsin, papain, plasmin, chymotrypsin, or cathepsin G. L-659, 286 administered intratracheally inhibits lung damage caused by administration via the same route of human PMN elastase into hamsters. In marmosets, L-659, 286 is cleared from blood very rapidly after an intravenous injection but is recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for several hours after intratracheal administration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 112 (1982), S. 10-18 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intermediate subviral particles (ISVP) derived from reovirus represent a simple model system for the switch-on of transcriptase function. In such particles the endogenous transcriptase is present in a switched-off form, one step removed from the switched-on state. Switch-on of transcriptase function is an active process in this system and can be triggered by K+ ions. A variety of agents which affect gene expression in cells were tested for an effect on switch-on in ISVP. Marked effects on switch-on in ISVP were observed with a diverse group of test agents, including DMSO and other solvents, BUdR, TdR, caffeine, theophylline, and temperature. The correlation in response between ISVP and cells suggests that the ISVP system may be useful as a model for studying the biochemical mechanisms underlying the perturbative effects of such agents on gene expression in cells.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermatozoa ; flow cytometry ; DNA staining ; nuclear morphology ; ultrastructure ; mammals ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The morphological and ultrastructural changes that occur during preparation of porcine, bovine, and murine spermatozoa for flow cytometric quantification of the relative DNA content of the X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm populations were examined. Ejaculated spermatozoa from the boar and bull were washed using a series of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions prior to fixation, whereas the epididymal mouse spermatozoa were washed only in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Spermatozoa from all three species were then fixed in ethanol and processed for fluorochrome staining by a treatment regimen consisting of sulfhydryl reduction and proteolysis. The processed sperm nuclei were stained for DNA with the fluorochrome, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) before quantification by flow cytometry. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sperm heads taken at various steps of the preparation and staining procedures show 1) that the rigorous washing procedure disrupted the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes, 2) that ethanol fixation resulted in removal of the outer membranes and disintegration of the nuclear envelope, and 3) that thiol and proteolysis treatment removed the remaining cellular organelles including the tail and rapidly induced partial decondensation of the tightly packed chromatin. Sequential micrographs showed that the nuclear matrix of all three species increased in thickness about twofold during the preparation and staining. Consequently, the harsh procedures currently used for quantitative staining of DNA for high-resolution flow cytometric analyses destroy most cellular organelles and thereby prevent simultaneous characterization of DNA content and other sperm cell constituents.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The detection of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of PH3 on Saturn is reported. The observations were made from the far-infrared cooled grating spectrometer. The wavelengths and observed brightness temperatures for the full disk plus rings are 89 + or - 3 K at 97.04 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.72 micrometer, 77 + or - 3 K at 102.94 micrometer, and 83 + or - 3 K at 105.12 micrometers. The points of 97.04 and 105.12 micrometers establish the continuum level and the two points near 103 micrometers measure the depth of the PH3 manifold. After the flux due to the rings is subtracted, the depth of the feature is 16 + or - 6 K relative to the nearby 102 K continuum. These results are compared to theoretical models which parameterize the PH3 mixing ratio as x = x sub zero (P/P sub zero)(alpha) for P P sub zero and as x = x sub zero for P or = P, where P is the total pressure and alpha = H/h is the ratio of the dynamical scale height (H) and the scale height for decreasing the PH3 mixing ratio (h). The parameters x sub zero, P sub zero, and h were varied, as well as the H/He mixing ratio and the pressure-temperature profile. The data are well fitted using pressure-temperature profiles. The preferred values of h, P sub zero, and x sub zero imply that there is little or no PH3 above the thermal inversion and that the mixing ratio below the inversion is consistent with PH3 being 1 to 4 times overabundant relative to the solar P/H ratio.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Airborne Astron. Symp.; p 76-80
    Format: text
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Ames Research Center Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Saturn was observed in the vicinity of the J = 10 manifold of the pure rotational band of phosphine on 1984 July 10 and 12 from NASA's Kuiper Airborne Observatory with the facility far-infrared cooled grating spectrometer. On each night observations of the full disk plus rings were made at 4 to 6 discrete wavelengths which selectively sampled the manifold and the adjacent continuum. The previously reported detection of this manifold is confirmed. After subtraction of the flux due to the rings, the data are compared with disk-averaged models of Saturn. It is found that PH3 must be strongly depleted above the thermal inversion (approx. 70 mbar). The best fitting models consistent with other observational constraints indicate that PH3 is significantly depleted at even deeper atmospheric levels (or = 500 mbar), implying an eddy diffusion coefficient for Saturn of 10 to the 4 cm sq/sec.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 64; 549-556
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The prime objective of this experiment is to obtain chemical analyses of a statistically significant number of micrometeoroids. These data will then be compared with the chemical composition of meteorites. Secondary objectives of the experiment relate to density, shape, mass frequency, and absolute flux of micrometeorids as deduced from detailed crater geometrics (depth) diameter, and plane shape, and number of total events observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 127-130
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of preliminary analyses of radio occultation data obtained by Voyager 2 as it passed Uranus are described. The occultations took place between 2-7 deg S latitude and yielded atmospheric temperature profiles between pressure levels of 10-900 mbar, an altitude range of 100 km. The mole fractions of hydrogen and helium in the tropopause were estimated, in conjunction with IR data, to about 0.85 and 0.10-0.20, respectively. Radio signal intensity data indicated the presence of a cloud deck of CH4 ice at a pressure level of 1300 mbar and a temperature of 81 K, implying a CH4 mole fraction of 0.02 at very low altitudes. The ionosphere extended upward, in two levels, to more than 10,000 km altitude. The ring system was different than the one around Saturn and possessed cylindrical substructures. The radio data also permitted mass density estimates for the five major moons, i.e., about 1.40 gr/cu cm, a value which rules out cometary origins.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 233; 79-84
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Apollo 16 regolith breccias were characterized in terms of petrography, grain-size distribution, porosity, major and trace element composition, noble gas contents, and ferromagnetic resonance properties. Significant variation was found with respect to density and porosity; the more dense breccias displayed substantial shock damage. The breccias resembled the soils in grain-size distribution and in petrological components, though many were found to be compositionally different from the Apollo 16 soils in that a mafic component was lacking. Nearly all breccias showed evidence of irradiation at the lunar surface, and analyses of disaggregated breccias indicated that this irradiation occurred before compaction. The concentration of surface irradiation parameters were far less than those of lunar soils or breccias of other Apollo missions. Observations with respect to the argon isotope ratio and Xe presence have led to the possibility that breccia-surface irradiation occurred as early as four billion years ago, and that most Apollo 16 regolith breccias were not formed from any known Apollo 16 soil.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; D277-D30
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