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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (21)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (28)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2815-2824 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Stereoelectronic Requirements of 1,2-Rearrangements of Vinyl CationsThe triflates 8, 9, 12, 17, 19, and 23 have been synthesized to investigate their solvolysis products in absol. 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) (Table 1). The kinetics of the solvolysis in 50% ethanol have been measured as well. The rate constants give a straight correlation line when we apply an approximate Taft's equation, from which we deduce that the solvolyses take place by a kc mechanism; one exception is 12, as it reacts with S-O bond cleavage. We also deduce that the value of ρ* does not depend on steric factors. Relations between structure and rearrangement of vinyl cations are discussed. Mechanisms for the formation of reaction products are proposed.
    Notes: Die Triflate 8, 9, 12, 17, 19 und 23 wurden synthetisiert, um die Produkte ihrer Solvolyse in absol. 2,2,2-Trifluorethanol (TFE) zu untersuchen (Tab. 1). Auch die Kinetik der Solvolysen in 50proz. Ethanol wurde bestimmt (Tab. 2). Die Solvolysegeschwindigkeiten ergeben eine Korrelationsgerade bei einer vereinfachten Taftschen Darstellung, woraus abgeleitet wird, daß die Solvolysen nach einem kc-Mechanismus erfolgen; eine Ausnahme ist 12, das durch S-O-Spaltung solvolysiert. Wir schließen daraus, daß ρ* von sterischen Effekten unabhängig ist. Es werden Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Umlagerung bei Vinylkationen diskutiert und Mechanismen für die Bildung der Reaktionsprodukte vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 1255-1256 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reductive Arylation of Vinyl Trifluromethanesulfonates by Friedel-Crafts ReactionThe reaction of vinyl triflates 1 with benzene and toluene in the presence of aluminium trichloride gives alkyl-, alkenyl-, and 1,1-diarylalkanes 5, 6, 3, 9 depending on the structure of the substrate used. A mechanism for the reductive arylation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 19 (1996), S. 410-419 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: General simple criteria to predict and analyze the influence on trickle-bed reactors behavior of three phenomena, namely, plug flow deviations, external wetting efficiency and external mass transfer resistance, are developed. Criteria predictions are compared with results arising from a comprehensive mathematical model widely employed to describe trickle-bed reactors behavior and with other particular criteria reported in the literature. Present criteria applications to different sets of experimental data exemplify their practical utility for various actual situations and verify their validity. Besides, they constitute simple tools to diagnose detrimental on trickle-bed reactors operation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 16 (1993), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data are reported for ion exchange equilibria of binary systems on Amberlite IR-120 resin, at different temperatures and total ionic concentrations in aqueous solutions. These systems exhibit non-ideal behaviour in both phases, and the equilibrium characterization has been based on the law of mass action, using Wilson and Meisssner, and Kusik equations to correlate the activity coefficients in the resin and aqueous solutions, respectively. Equilibrium constants, standard thermodynamic properties (Gibbs free enthalpy changes, enthalpy and entropy) and Wilson binary parameters were obtained as functions of temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 210-215 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the pseudohomogeneous liquid phase synthesis of a high molecular weight ester in a stirred tank reactor using cobalt chloride as catalyst has been studied at various temperatures, catalyst concentrations, and acid/alcohol molar ratios. A kinetic model has been determined that predicts the experimental results quite well.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 815-818 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steric Control in the Reaction of Substituted 2-Norbornyl CationsThe reaction of camphenilone (1b) with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) yields 7,7-dimethyl-1,exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4b) (60%). 6,6-Dimethyl-2-norbornanone (1c) affords under the same conditions 6,6-dimethyl-2-norbornen-2-yl triflate (5c) (70%). The reaction pathways of the intermediate 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornyl cations are mostly controlled by steric factors, the inductive effect playing no significant role.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 982-989 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Selectivity of the Reaction of Carbocations with NucleophilesThe problem of the selectivity of the nucleophilic attack on carbocations according to the HSAB-principle is discussed in relation to the solvolysis in ether of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-norbornane (2) and 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornene (4) in presence of dimethyl-magnesium, magnesium iodide and methylmagnesium iodide. The nucleophiles and carbocations are arranged according to the hard-soft-scale, so our results can be explained.
    Notes: Das Problem der Selektivität beim nucleophilen Angriff an Carbokationen wird im Rahmen des HSAB-Prinzips am Beispiel der Solvolysen in Ether von 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)norbornan (2) und 7,7-Bis(trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornen (4) in Anwesenheit von Dimethylmagnesium, Magnesiumiodid und Methylmagnesiumiodid erörtert. Die Nucleophile und die als Zwischenstufen auftretenden Carbokationen werden auf der Hart-weich-Skala eingeordnet, wobei die Ergebnisse erklärt werden können.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 772-782 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinyl Cations, 36. Solvolysis of Cycloalkylidenemethyl and 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl TriflatesCyclohexlidenemethyl triflate (2), cyclobutylidenemethyl triflate (5), 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (7), bicyclo [3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl triflate (9), 1-cyclobutylideneethyl triflate (19), and 2-methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (29) were solvolyzed in solvents of various ionizing power and nucleophilicity and the solvolysis products were identified. The cyclobutylidenealkyl triflates solvolyze via a vinyl cation mechanism involving ion pairs with rearrangement to cyclopentene and cyclopentanone compounds. The 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflates do not produce vinyl cation intermediates but give only the corresponding ketones via an O—S bond cleavage of the triflate group.
    Notes: Cyclohexylidenmethyl-triflat (2), Cyclobutylidenmethyl-triflat (5), 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (7), Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl-triflat (9), 1-Cyclobutylidenethyl-triflat (19) und 2-Methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (29) wurden in Lösungsmitteln verschiedener Ionisierungsstärke und Nucleophilie solvolysiert und die Solvolyseprodukte aufgeklärt. Die Cyclobutylidenalkyl-triflate solvolysieren über Ionenpaarmechanismen (Vinylkationen) unter Umlagerung zu Cyclopenten- und Cyclopentanon-Derivaten. Die 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflate reagieren nicht über Vinylkationen als Zwischenstufe, sondern unter O—S-Spaltung zu den entsprechenden Ketonen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 4281-4284 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Structure and Stereoselectivity of 2-Norbornen-7-yl Radicals and CarbenoidsReduction of 7,7-diiodonorbornene (1) with Grignard reagents proceeds via the 7-iodo-2-norbornen-7-yl radical 2. From the observed syn-stereoselectivity, the absence of π-delocalization in 2 is inferred. This result agrees with the existence of an equilibrium mixture of two classical pyramidal structures (2a and 2b), in which the syn-isomer 2a predominates. The reaction of 1 with methyllithium takes place with anti-stereoselectivity; this fact proves that the anti-carbenoid 4b-M is more stable than the syn-isomer.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 2557-2560 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Selectivity in the Reaction of Carbocations with Nucleophiles, 2. Solvolytic Mechanisms of 7-Norbornyl TrifluoromethanesulfonatesThe reactions of 7,7-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4) with several metal cyanides in dipolar aprotic solvents are studied. The results obtained (Table 1) lead to the conclusion that the solvolysis of 7-substituted 7-norbornyl trifluoromethanesulfonates takes place either according to a kc mechanism or with fission of the S — O bond. In no instance is a C — O fission following an SN2 mechanism to be expected. - The selectivity of the reaction of the intermediate carbocations with nucleophiles cannot be explained by means of N+ correlations nor by the reactivity-selectivity relationship, but can be rationalized according to the HSAB principle.
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