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  • Immunocytochemistry  (7)
  • Chemical Engineering  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model identification of a spatiotemporally varying catalytic reaction (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The occurrence of instabilities in chemically reacting systems, resulting in unsteady and spatially inhomogeneous reaction rates, is a widespread phenomenon. In this article, we use nonlinear signal processing techniques to extract a simple, but accurate, dynamic model from experimental data of a system with spatiotemporal variations. The approach consists of a combination of two steps. The proper orthogonal decomposition [POD or Karhunen-Loève (KL) expansion] allows us to determine active degrees of freedom (important spatial structures) of the system. Projection onto these “modes” reduces the data to a small number of time series. Processing these time series through an artificial neural network (ANN) results in a low-dimensional, nonlinear dynamic model with almost quantitative predictive capabilities.This approach is demonstrated using spatiotemporal data from CO oxidation on a Pt (110) crystal surface. In this special case, the dynamics of the two-dimensional reaction profile can be successfully described by four modes; the ANN-based model not only correctly predicts the spatiotemporal short-term behavior, but also accurately captures the long-term dynamics (the attractor). While this approach does not substitute for fundamental modeling, it provides a systematic framework for processing experimental data from a wide variety of spatiotemporally varying reaction engineering processes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390110
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of capillary-driven viscous flows during the sintering of ceramic powders (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 1794-1803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Time-dependent viscous flows driven by capillarity act to minimize the surface area of a fluid bounded in a plane geometry with initial gradients in surface curvature. These free-surface flows are solved by a finite-element model applied to describe the viscous sintering of two-dimensional ceramic particles. The numerical model is validated by comparison to the analytical solution obtained by Hopper (1990) for the coalescence of two infinite cylinders of equal cross section and is applied to several other geometries pertinent to the study of particle sintering for which analytical results are not available. Details of the flow fields and morphological evolution lend insight to the physical behavior of these systems and provide a basis for the more complete understanding of viscous sintering phenomena.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the diffuse endocrine system in the chicken proventriculus (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine ontogenesis ; Ultrastructure ; Regulatory peptides ; Immunocytochemistry ; Silver impregnations ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of endocrine cells in the chicken proventriculus has been investigated using light-and electron-microscopy in conjunction with silver and immunocytochemical techniques. The first morphologically detectable endocrine cells were found in 5-day-old embryos by electron microscopy. From the 9th to the 13th day, endocrine cells in contact with the lumen of the organ could be detected both by electron and light (silver impregnation) microscopy. The number of open-type endocrine cells progressively decreased and the number of closed-type increased after this stage. Until the 16th day, endocrine cells were located exclusively in the luminal epithelium, but afterwards they appeared in progressively greater numbers in the compound glands. After hatching, long cytoplasmic processes could be seen in the endocrine cells. Immunoreactivities to regulatory substances appeared in the following order: serotonin (day-14), avian pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin (day-16), bombesin and neurotensin (day-18), and finally, met-enkephalin (day-21).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297548
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characterization of endocrine cells in chicken proventriculus (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 263 (1991), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proventriculus ; Endocrine secretory cells ; Secretory granules ; Peptide hormones ; Colocalization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Colloidal gold ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The endocrine cells of the chicken proventriculus were investigated immunocytochemically, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on paraffin and semithin sections for light microscopy, and immunogold staining in osmium-fixed material for electron microscopy. The fixation procedure also allowed a detailed ultrastructural investigation. Twenty-three antisera were tested and 7 immunoreactive cell-types were identified: D-cells containing somatostatin-like peptide; EG-cells immunoreactive to anti-glucagon, anti-GLP1 and antineurotensin; NT-cells labelled only with anti-neurotensin; BN-cells containing bombesin-like material; ENK-cells showing met-enkephalin immunoreactivity; EC-cells reactive to anti-serotonin; and APP-cells positive to anti-avian pancreatic polypeptide. In addition, enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, were also detected by electron microscopy. The presence of ENK-cells and the ultrastructure of these and NT-cells are described for the first time in chicken proventriculus, and glucagon, GLP1 and neurotensin are shown to be colocalized in the EG-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327287
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory peptides in gut endocrine cells and nerves in the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Gut ; Innervation ; Regulatory peptides ; Endocrine cells ; Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The endocrine cells of the starfish digestive tract are spindle-shaped, contacting both the lumen and the basiepithelial plexus. Silver impregnation labels the basiepithelial and subcoelomic plexuses as well as these cells. Twenty antisera have been tested using the avidinbiotin method, in order to identify the regulatory substances involved in this system. Endocrine cells and nerves immunoreactive to GFNSALMFamide- (S1), FMRFamide-, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine-(PYY), pancreatic polypeptide- (PP), melanocyte stimulating hormone- (αMSH) and peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase- (PAM) specific antisera have been found in the epithelium. The antibodies against S1, a peptide isolated from the nervous system of a starfish, and αMSH, stain both the basiepithelial plexus and the subcoelomic plexus, but the others react only with nerves in the basiepithelial plexus. Absorption controls show that antibodies for S1 and FMRFamide totally crossreact recognizing the same molecule, possibly S1. The other antibodies do not show cross-reactivity to any of the rest, and thus we conclude that these regulatory peptides are present in starfish. This is the first report of the presence of FMRFamide, PYY, αMSH and PAM in the Echinodermata. Under the electron microscope the endocrine cells exhibit secretory granules, microtubules and mitochondria. Direct contact with the subcoelomic plexus can be observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318624
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide (NO) synthase immunoreactivity in the starfish Marthasterias glacialis (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 275 (1994), S. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nitric oxide synthase ; Nervous system ; Gut ; Endocrine cells ; Immunocytochemistry ; Marthasterias glacialis (Echinodermata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuroendocrine system of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis was investigated immunocytochemically using antisera specific for rat neuronal, bovine aortic endothelial, and mouse macrophage, nitric oxide (NO) synthases. Immunoreactivity was detected only with the antibodies specific for the neural enzyme, in the ectoneural and hyponeural tissues of the radial nerve cords and in the basiepithelial plexus and endocrine cells of the digestive tract. The pyloric stomach showed more immunoreactive structures than the other digestive organs, with the rectal caeca showing the least activity. Immunoreactive endocrine cells were located in the cardiac and pyloric stomachs and in the pyloric caeca. Co-localization of the enzyme immunoreactivity, and the staining for NADPH-diaphorase, demonstrate the presence of NO synthase in echinoderms. These results provide further evidence that NO is a neuronal messenger of early phylogenetic origin which has been conserved throughout evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318828
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study provides light- and electronmicroscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rought endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C-PON immunoreactive neurons in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): a correlated light- and electron-microscopic study (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 277 (1994), S. 177-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: C-PON ; Neuropeptide Y ; Neostriatum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Erinaceus europaeus (Insectivora)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The present study provides light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemical data on the presence of neurons that are immunoreactive to the C-terminal flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y, C-PON, in the neostriatum of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Positive neurons have mostly fusiform or round perikarya from which two to four poorly branched processes arise. Immunostained fibers and puncta are also evenly distributed throughout the neostriatum. Ultrastructurally, each neuron exhibits a deeply invaginated nucleus surrounded by abundant cytoplasm with a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Positive neurons receive symmetric and asymmetric synapses from unlabeled terminals. The results of this study can be correlated with previous findings, as the C-PON-positive neurons of the hedgehog resemble medium-sized neostriatal neurons that are known to be local circuit neurons exhibiting C-PON in the rat. Thus, a high degree of C-PON neuronal system phylogenetic conservation and function can be postulated for the neostriatum of mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303094
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of crystallization conditions on the morphological structure of ethylene-1-butene copolymers obtained by different ziegler-natta catalyst systems (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 1189-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Four ethylene- 1 -butene copolymers of about the same comonomer content but obtained with different supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems have been studied. The effects of the catalyst and the crystallization conditions on the morphological structure have been analyzed. These two factors'clearly affect the melting endotherms and the most probable crystallite thickness of the copolymers, although no important differences were found in the crystalline contents. The catalyst system influences the melting pattern due to changes in the chemical composition distribution, i.e., variations in the comonomer content between chains of different molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311606
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of emulsifier type on the copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 404-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this work we report the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylic acid using a cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or CTAB) or an anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate or SDS) emulsifier. Latexes were stable and monodisperse with spherical particles of ∼100 nm for the CTAB latex and of ∼70 nm for the SDS latex. However, a random copolymer was produced with CTAB whereas a “blocky” copolymer was obtained with SDS. Here we propose a mechanism to explain these structural differences in terms of the relative reactivities of styrene and acrylic acid and of their initial location and distribution in the SDS and CTAB emulsions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310604
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