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  • 1
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    640 x 480 MWIR and LWIR camera system developments (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The performance of a 640 x 480 PtSi, 3,5 microns (MWIR), Stirling cooled camera system with a minimum resolvable temperature of 0.03 is considered. A preliminary specification of a full-TV resolution PtSi radiometer was developed using the measured performance characteristics of the Stirling cooled camera. The radiometer is capable of imaging rapid thermal transients from 25 to 250 C with better than 1 percent temperature resolution. This performance is achieved using the electronic exposure control capability of the MOS focal plane array (FPA). A liquid nitrogen cooled camera with an eight-position filter wheel has been developed using the 640 x 480 PtSi FPA. Low thermal mass packaging for the FPA was developed for Joule-Thomson applications.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Infrared technology XVIII; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 19-22, 1992 (A93-32826 12-35); p. 386-400.
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  • 2
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    19-micron cutoff long-wavelength GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As quantum-well infrared photodetectors (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The longest-wavelength quantum-well IR photodetector ever achieved, with a cutoff wavelength of 19 microns, is demonstrated. Detailed measurements and an in-depth analysis of the noise, optical gain, detectivity, quantum efficiency, and quantum-well escape probability are also discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 71; 10, M; 5130-513
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  • 3
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    Synthetic aperture microwave radiometer (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Realizing the full potential of microwave remote sensing from space requires putting relatively large antennas in orbit. Research is being conducted to develop synthetic aperture antennas to reduce the physical collecting area required of sensors in space, and to possibly open the door to new applications of microwave remote sensing. The technique under investigation involves using a correlation interferometer with multiple baselines. The Microwave Sensors and Data Collection Branch has been engaged in research to develop this technique for applications to remote sensing of soil moisture from space. Soil moisture is important for agricultural applications and for understanding the global hydrologic cycle. An aircraft prototype of an instrument suitable for making such measurements was developed. This is an L-band radiometer called ESTAR which is hoped will become part of the Earth Observing System (EOS). ESTAR is a hybrid instrument which uses both real aperture antennas (long sticks to obtain resolution in the along-track dimension) and aperture synthesis (correlation between sticks to obtain resolution in the cross track dimension). The hybrid was chosen as a compromise to increase the sensitivity (T) of the instrument.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Laboratory for Oceans; p 237-238
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The Electronically Steered Thinned Array Radiometer (ESTAR) (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The concept of a thinned array radiometer is described as an alternate to large filled apertures to achieve high resolution imaging from space. The serious limitations of conventional mechanical scanning systems and the practical problems associated with a multiple receiver pushbroom system that utilizes a large antenna are discussed. The thinned array is developed in terms of aperture synthesis techniques used in radio astronomy. Examples of thinned array configurations are presented, and future directions are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: ESA Proceedings of the 1986 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS '86) on Remote Sensing: Today's Solutions for Tomorrow's Information Needs, Volume 1; p 591-593
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  • 5
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    The pushbroom microwave radiometer and aircraft measurement of soil moisture (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Soil moisture has been identified as a controlling parameter in the occurrence of atmospheric variations and crop vigor. Evapotranspiration rates impact local temperature, precipitation and motion fields of the atmosphere. The multiple beam pushbroom microwave radiometer (MBPMR) is a candidate for moisture monitoring on the Earth Observation System. A prototype MBPMR has been devised for airborne technology evaluations of pushbroom scanning capabilities. The instrument scans at 1.4 GHz with a Diche radiometer. Test flights on a NASA aircraft with the antenna mounted on the bottom of the fuselage have generated soil moisture data over crop areas for which ground truth data were gathered. Large antennas deployed from the Orbiter could collect sufficient data for mapping the global soil moisture in 6 days.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-2088
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Stable vacuum UV CCD detectors designed for space flight experiments (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thinned, backside-illuminated, p-channel CCD images are under development which can exploit the surface potential in VUV applications, yielding enhanced quantum efficiency to wavelengths as short as 1100 A. The current goal is production of large-format, 5-micron pixel imagers for spectrographic and imaging VUV spaceflight experiments. Model predictions of the effect of device design on quantum efficiency, well capacity, and crosstalk are presented for such 5-micron-approaching pixel sizes.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Ultraviolet technology IV; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 20, 21, 1992 (A93-34426 13-35); p. 231-239.
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  • 7
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    An Instrument Employing a Coronal Discharge for the Determination of Droplet-Size Distribution in Clouds (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A flight instrument that uses electric means for measuring the droplet-size distribution in above-freezing clouds has been devised and given preliminary evaluation in flight. An electric charge is placed on the droplets and they are separated aerodynamically according to their mass. Because the charge placed on the droplets is a. function of the droplet size, the size spectrum can 'be determined by measurement of the charge deposited on cylinders of several different sizes placed to intercept the charged droplets. An expression for the rate of charge acquisition by a water droplet in a field of coronal discharge is derived. The results obtained in flight with an instrument based on the method described indicate that continuous records of droplet-size spectrum variations in clouds can be obtained. The experimental instrument was used to evaluate the method and was not refined to the extent necessary for obtaining conclusive meteorological data. The desirable features of an instrument based on the method described are (i) The instrument can be used in clouds with temperatures above freezing; (2) the size and the shape of the cylinders do not change during the exposure time; (3) the readings are instantaneous and continuous; (4) the available sensitivity permits the study of variations in cloud structures of less than 200 feet in extent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NACA-TN-2458
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Design of an extended-range, three-wavelength distance-measuring instrument (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper describes an extension of current multiwavelength electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM) techniques which should allow the range of multiwavelength measurements to be extended to approximately 50 km. The basic modification needed is the replacement of the retroreflector commonly used by an active station containing lasers and a microwave source. Because the system will always be operated as a full three-wave-length instrument, accuracies of about 5 x 10 to the -8th at 50 km should be obtainable on a routine basis under reasonably clear weather conditions.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Tectonophysics; 52; 1979
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  • 9
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    A very-long-baseline interferometer system for geodetic applications (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A very-long-baseline interferometer system was designed and built for geodetic applications. Each interferometer terminal records a 360-kHz spectral band of noise from a compact extragalactic radio source. The center frequency of the spectral band can be selected to sample sequentially bands covering a much wider frequency range to obtain subnanosecond accuracy in group-delay measurements. A tunnel-diode pulse generator is used to calibrate the delays in the receiver. The necessary sets of algorithms and computer programs have been developed to analyze the data and have allowed the system to be employed to make accurate determinations of vector baselines, radio-source positions, polar motion, and universal time.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Radio Science; 11; May 1976
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  • 10
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    A sealed titanium window proportional counter for the detection of .5-keV X rays. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A sealed Ti window proportional counter sensitive to X radiation in the energy range 0.35-0.45 keV and above 1.5 keV is described. Measurements of the Ti mass absorption coefficients and a graphical summary of the literature values are presented. For a proportional counter with a 930 microgram/sq cm (2.1-micron) Ti window, the peak efficiency at 0.45 keV is found to lie between 4.6% and 7.1%. An application in X-ray astronomy involving a rocket observation of Sco X-1 is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments; 43; June 197
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