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  • 1
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    Application of the Langley plot method to the calibration of the solar backscattered ultraviolet instrument on the Nimbus 7 satellite (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The concept of the well-known Langley plot technique, used for the calibration of ground-based instruments, has been generalized for application to satellite instruments. In polar regions, near summer solstice, the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument on the Nimbus 7 satellite samples the same ozone field at widely different solar zenith angles. These measurements are compared to assess the long-term drift in the instrument calibration. Although the technique provides only a relative wavelength-to-wavelength calibration, it can be combined with existing techniques to determine the drift of the instrument at any wavelength. Using this technique, we have generated a 12-year data set of ozone vertical profiles from SBUV with an estimated accuracy of +/- 5% at 1 mbar and +/- 2% at 10 mbar (95% confidence) over 12 years. Since the method is insensitive to true changes in the atmospheric ozone profile, it can also be used to compare the calibrations of similar SBUV instruments launched without temporal overlap.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 100; D2; p. 2997-3004
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  • 2
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    Record low global ozone in 1992 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The 1992 global average total ozone, measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on the Nimbus-7 satellite, was 2 to 3 percent lower than any earlier year observed by TOMS (1979 to 1991). Ozone amounts were low in a wide range of latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and the largest decreases were in the regions from 10 to 20 deg S and 10 to 60 deg N. Global ozone in 1992 is at least 1.5 percent lower than would be predicted by a statistical model that includes a linear trend and accounts for solar cycle variation and the quasi-biennial oscillation. These results are confirmed by comparisons with data from other ozone monitoring instruments: the SBUV/2 instrument on the NOAA-11 satellite, the TOMS instrument on the Russian Meteor-3 satellite, the World Standard Dobson Instrument 83, and a collection of 22 ground-based Dobson instruments.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 260; 5107; p. 523-526.
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  • 3
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    Tropical ozone loss following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) measurements of equatorial total ozone following the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo show a decrease of up to 6 percent over climatology. Ozone losses begin approximately a month following the eruption, consistent with the time required for the SO2 to convert to sulfuric acid aerosol. The thick aerosol layer interferes with the TOMS retrieval, but this interference is small and easily accounted for in the retrieval. Ozone values remain below climatology until December, 1991. Ozonesonde data from Natal, Brazil taken before and two months after the eruption support TOMS observations of ozone loss. These sondes show that the ozone loss region is confined to a 2-3 km thick layer between 24 and 28 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 1; p. 29-32.
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  • 4
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    The vertical ozone distribution in the Antarctic ozone minimum measured by SBUV (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The ozone profiles measured by SBUV in the region of the Antarctic ozone minimum are in error as archived for altitudes below the 7 mb level in the atmosphere because of the lack of a reasonable climatology to use for the initial guess profile. The ozone profile error in this region is examined, and it is shown that use of a reasonable climatology in this unusual region results in ozone profiles that agree substantially better with the balloon observations available from the Syowa station. The corrected profiles show that by 1984 there was 35 percent less ozone in the 15 to 30 km region than in 1979, and 14 percent less even in the 40 to 50 km region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1213-121
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    An evaluation of the performance of Umkehr stations by Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) experiment (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Until recently, Umkehr data taken by 20 Dobson stations around the world have been the principal source of information about the behavior of upper stratospheric ozone. Umkehr results are used also for detecting drifts in satellite instruments and for determining intersatellite biases. However, a systematic evaluation of the quality of Umkehr data taken by the various stations has been lacking. Five years of ozone profile data from the Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) have been used to examine and intercompare the quality of Umkehr stations, and to assess the degradation of their performance after the El Chichon volcano eruption in southern Mexico. In contrast to Umkehr, the SBUV ozone measurments in layers 7 through 9 (1-8 mb) were unaffected by the massive amounts of dust and gases ejected by El Chichon.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Standard profiles of ozone from ground to 60 km obtained by combining satellite and ground based measurements (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A study is reported based on four years of SBUV data and five years of published ozonesonde data. The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Experiment (SBUV), has been operating continuously since November 1978, providing some 1000 profiles per day. The data are of excellent quality from about 50 km down to the tropopause. By combining the satellite-derived data with ozonesonde data, a data base of standard ozone profiles and variance/covariance matrices has been developed, defining the observed variation of the atmospheric ozone around the mean profiles. Highlights of the data base are presented along with parameters of an analytical fit that describes the essential features of the data set. Although the data base was created specifically for use as a priori profiles for SBUV and Umkehr retrievals, it should be useful in other remote sensing applications and in modeling the UV radiation fields in the stratosphere. Another suggested application is in estimating ozone above the peak altitude of the ozone balloons.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Backscattered ultraviolet measurements of ozone 1970-2000 - An overview (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The history of the Backscattered Ultraviolet Experiment (BUV) is recounted and related future efforts are discussed. Satellite measurement of backscattered UV radiation will be the major source of long-term global information about total ozone and ozone profiles for the rest of this century. These measurements started with the BUV experiment flown on Nimbus 4 from 1970 to 1977 and are presently being continued with the Solar and Backscattered Ultraviolet/Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) launched on Nimbus 7 in 1978. NOAA's improved version (SBUV/2) is to fly until sometime in the 1990s and NASA plans to fly an SBUV/2 on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite in 1989. Differences between these instruments and in the algorithms for deriving ozone amounts from these data sets are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Procedures to validate/correct calibration error in solar backscattered ultraviolet instruments (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The Nimbus 7 SBUV measures the same latitude ozone at widely different sun angle conditions at the ascent and descent part of the orbit during the summer solstice. This situation is used in a particular procedure (Ascent/Descent) to obtain the relative channel-to-channel calibration error for channels 273 nm to 306 nm. These estimated errors are combined with results from the Pair Justification procedure to correct the sun-view diffuser drift in calibration from November 1978 to February 1987 for the shorter wavelength channels that measure upper stratospheric ozone. Some preliminary re-calirated Nimbus 7 SBUV data in 1989 is compared with the first set of SBUV measurements flown on the Space Shuttle.
    Schlagwort(e): INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Materialart: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 2; p 923-926
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Effect of stratospheric aerosol layers on the TOMS/SBUV ozone retrieval (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: An evaluation of the optical effects of stratospheric aerosol layers on total ozone retrieval from space by the TOMS/SBUV type instruments is presented here. Using the Dave radiative transfer model we estimate the magnitude of the errors in the retrieved ozone when polar stratospheric clouds (PSC's) or volcanic aerosol layers interfere with the measurements. The largest errors are produced by optically thick water ice PSC's. Results of simulation experiments on the effect of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud on the Nimbus-7 and Meteor-3 TOMS products are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Ozone in the Troposphere and Stratosphere, Part 2; p 915-918
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Average ozone profiles for 1979 from the Nimbus 7 SBUV instrument (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Monthly average ozone profiles from the first year of operation of the solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument on the Nimbus 7 satellite (November 1978 through October 1979) are tabulated for 10 deg latitude bands from 80 deg S to 80 deg N. For each month and latitude zone layer ozone amounts, standard deviations for 12 Umkehr layers (approximately 0-60 km), and the average total ozone for each zone are listed. The ozone mixing ratio and number density at the center of each layer are also given. It is found that the average SBUV profiles agree with average Umkehr profiles measured at Boulder to within 10 percent over most of the range. The Krueger-Minizner model is found to be a good representative ozone model for 45 deg N, agreeing with an annual average of measured profiles to better than 10 percent between 20 and 60 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 5199-521
    Format: text
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