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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-07-14
    Description: Interferons (IFN) alpha/beta and gamma induce the formation of two transcriptional activators: gamma-activating factor (GAF) and interferon-stimulated gamma factor 3 (ISGF3). We report a natural heterozygous germline STAT1 mutation associated with susceptibility to mycobacterial but not viral disease. This mutation causes a loss of GAF and ISGF3 activation but is dominant for one cellular phenotype and recessive for the other. It impairs the nuclear accumulation of GAF but not of ISGF3 in heterozygous cells stimulated by IFNs. Thus, the antimycobacterial, but not the antiviral, effects of human IFNs are principally mediated by GAF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dupuis, S -- Dargemont, C -- Fieschi, C -- Thomassin, N -- Rosenzweig, S -- Harris, J -- Holland, S M -- Schreiber, R D -- Casanova, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):300-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses, Universite de Paris Rene Descartes-INSERM UMR550, Faculte de Medecine Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11452125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblasts/metabolism/virology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; *Immunity/genetics ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit ; Interferon-alpha/*immunology/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/*immunology/metabolism ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Mice ; Mycobacterium Infections/genetics/*immunology ; Mycobacterium avium Complex/immunology ; Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection/genetics/immunology ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Simian virus 40 ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/physiology ; Virus Diseases/genetics/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1990-05-25
    Description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells specific for a myelin protein. Investigations have demonstrated myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cells that were activated in vivo in MS patients, suggesting that MBP may be a target antigen in MS. The variable (V) region of the T cell receptor (TCR) beta chain was examined among 83 T cell lines from both MS patients and healthy subjects that were reactive with the immunodominant region of human MBP (residues 84 to 102) or with a second immunodominant region of MBP (143 to 168). V beta 17 and to a lesser extent V beta 12 were frequently used in recognition of MBP(84-102) among different individuals. In contrast, V beta 17 was very infrequent among lines reactive with MBP (143-168). These data demonstrate shared TCR V beta gene usage for the recognition of immunodominant regions of the human autoantigen MBP. Such TCR structures may be used as targets for specific immunotherapy in MS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wucherpfennig, K W -- Ota, K -- Endo, N -- Seidman, J G -- Rosenzweig, A -- Weiner, H L -- Hafler, D A -- 1 K11 HL 02228-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS 00981/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS 24247/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1016-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693015" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Epitopes ; Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein/*immunology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenzweig, Anthony -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Dec 21;338(6114):1549-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1228951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Division at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. arosenzw@bidmc.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23258880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; *Cell Transplantation ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Failure/*therapy ; Humans ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/*physiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cell Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphocryptovirus that causes infectious mononucleosis, persists asymptomatically for life in nearly all adults, and is associated with the development of B cell lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. A highly similar rhesus lymphocryptovirus naturally endemic in rhesus monkeys was used to orally infect naive animals from a pathogen-free colony. This animal model reproduced key aspects of human EBV infection, including oral transmission, atypical lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, activation of CD23(+) peripheral blood B cells, sustained serologic responses to lytic and latent EBV antigens, latent infection in the peripheral blood, and virus persistence in oropharyngeal secretions. This system may be useful for studying the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of EBV infection and associated oncogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moghaddam, A -- Rosenzweig, M -- Lee-Parritz, D -- Annis, B -- Johnson, R P -- Wang, F -- CA65319/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P51RR00168/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2030-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Herpesviridae Infections/immunology/pathology/virology ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; *Lymphocryptovirus/immunology/isolation & purification ; Lymphocyte Activation ; *Macaca mulatta ; Mouth/virology ; Oropharynx/virology ; Receptors, IgE/blood ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; *Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/pathology/virology ; Virus Latency ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heuer, Rolf-Dieter -- Rosenzweig, Cynthia -- Steltzner, Adam -- Blanpain, Cedric -- Iorns, Elizabeth -- Wang, Jun -- Handelsman, Jo -- Gowers, Tim -- De Bernardinis, Bernardo -- Fouchier, Ron -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):335-43. doi: 10.1038/492335a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23257862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Bioterrorism/prevention & control ; Climate Change ; Disaster Planning/history ; Earthquakes/statistics & numerical data ; Forecasting ; Genomics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Mars ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology ; New York City ; Physics/history ; Publishing/economics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Research/economics/standards/statistics & numerical data ; Security Measures ; Sexism/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Space Flight/history/instrumentation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Agricultural stakeholders need more credible information on which to base adaptation and mitigation policy decisions. In order to provide this, we must improve the rigor of agricultural modelling. Ensemble approaches can be used to address scale issues and integrated teams can overcome disciplinary silos. The AgMIP Coordinated Global and Regional Assessments of Climate Change and Food Security (CGRA) has the goal to link agricultural systems models using common protocols and scenarios to significantly improve understanding of climate effects on crops, livestock and livelihoods across multiple scales. The AgMIP CGRA assessment brings together experts in climate, crop, livestock, economics, and food security to develop Protocols to guide the process throughout the assessment. Scenarios are designed to consistently combine elements of intertwined storylines of future society including, socioeconomic development, greenhouse gas concentrations, and specific pathways of agricultural sector development. Through these approaches, AgMIP partners around the world are providing an evidence base for their stakeholders as they make decisions and investments.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN50534 , Australian Agronomy Conference; Sep 24, 2017 - Sep 28, 2017; Ballarat, Victoria; Australia
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A critical omission from climate change impact studies on crop yield is the interaction between soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) availability, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We used a multimodel ensemble to predict the effects of SOC and N under different scenarios of temperatures and CO2 concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in eight sites across the world. We found that including feedbacks from SOC and N losses due to increased temperatures would reduce yields by 13% in wheat and 19% in maize for a 3C rise temperature with no adaptation practices. These losses correspond to an additional 4.5% (+3C) when compared to crop yield reductions attributed to temperature increase alone. Future CO2 increase to 540 ppm would partially compensate losses by 80% for both maize and wheat at +3C, and by 35% for wheat and 20% for maize at +6C, relative to the baseline CO2 scenario.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN60415 , Agricultural & Environmental Letters (e-ISSN 2471-9625); 3; 1
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Simulations of irrigated croplands generally lack key interactions between water demand from plants and water supply from irrigation systems. We coupled the Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP) and Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to link regional water supplies and management with field-level water demand and crop growth. WEAP-DSSAT was deployed and evaluated over Yolo County in California for corn, rice, and wheat. WEAP-DSSAT is able to reproduce the results of DSSAT under well-watered conditions and reasonably simulate observed mean yields, but has difficulty capturing yield interannual variability. Constraining irrigation supply to surface water alone reduces yields for all three crops during the 1987-1992 drought. Corn yields are reduced proportionally with water allocation, rice yield reductions are more binary based on sufficient water for flooding, and wheat yields are least sensitive to irrigation constraints as winter wheat is grown during the wet season.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN44917 , Environmental Modelling & Software (ISSN 1364-8152); 96; 335-346
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Human settlements, both large and small, are where the vast majority of people on the Earth live. Expansion of cities both in population and areal extent, is a relentless process that will accelerate in the 21st century. As a consequence of urban growth both in the United States and around the globe, it is important to develop an understanding of how urbanization will affect the local and regional environment. Of equal importance, however, is the assessment of how cities will be impacted by the looming prospects of global climate change and climate variability. The potential impacts of climate change and variability has recently been annunciated by the IPCC's "Climate Change 2007" report. Moreover, the U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) is preparing a series of "Synthesis and Assessment Products" (SAPs) reports to support informed discussion and decision making regarding climate change and variability by policy matters, resource managers, stakeholders, the media, and the general public. We are authors on a SAP describing the effects of global climate change on human settlements. This paper will present the elements of our SAP report that relate to what vulnerabilities and impacts will occur, what adaptation responses may take place, and what possible effects on settlement patterns and characteristics will potentially arise, on human settlements in the U.S. as a result of climate change and climate variability. We will also present some recommendations about what should be done to further research on how climate change and variability will impact human settlements in the U.S., as well as how to engage government officials, policy and decision makers, and the general public in understanding the implications of climate change and variability on the local and regional levels. Additionally, we wish to explore how technology such as remote sensing data coupled with modeling, can be employed as synthesis tools for deriving insight across a spectrum of impacts (e.g. public health, urban planning for mitigation strategies) on how cities can cope and adapt to climate change and variability. This latter point parallels the concepts and ideas presented in the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Decadal Survey report on "Earth Science Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond" wherein the analysis of the impacts of climate change and variability, human health, and land use change are listed as key areas for development of future Earth observing remote sensing systems.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: AGU Joint Conference/American Geologist Union; May 22, 2007 - May 25, 2007; Acapulco; Mexico
    Format: text
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This slide presentation reviews some of the effects that global change has on urban areas in the United States and how the growth of urban areas will affect the environment. It presents the elements of our Synthesis and Assessment Report (SAP) report that relate to what vulnerabilities and impacts will occur, what adaptation responses may take place, and what possible effects on settlement patterns and characteristics will potentially arise, on human settlements in the U.S. as a result of climate change and climate variability. We will also present some recommendations about what should be done to further research on how climate change and variability will impact human settlements in the U.S., as well as how to engage government officials, policy and decision makers, and the general public in understanding the implications of climate change and variability on the local and regional levels. Additionally, we wish to explore how technology such as remote sensing data coupled with modeling, can be employed as synthesis tools for deriving insight across a spectrum of impacts (e.g. public health, urban planning for mitigation strategies) on how cities can cope and adapt to climate change and variability. This latter point parallels the concepts and ideas presented in the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Decadal Survey report on "Earth Science Applications from Space: National Imperatives for the Next Decade and Beyond" wherein the analysis of the impacts of climate change and variability, human health, and land use change are listed as key areas for development of future Earth observing remote sensing systems.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: M09-0133 , 2008 Alabama A and M Urban and Regional Fall Conference; Nov 07, 2008; Huntsville, AL; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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